3er Foro Económico de Pesca y Acuacultura: La Acuacultura: un alterrnativa para la alimentación Mexico City, 25 – 26 November 2013 Dr Lahsen Ababouch Director, Policy and economics Division Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization Rome, Italy WHERE DOES THE MONEY COME FROM? Global development of aquaculture: challenges and opportunities

WELCOME TO FAO THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Eradicate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition Eliminate rural poverty through socio-economic development Sustainable management and utilization of natural resources

4 Global Goals Eradicate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition Elimination of poverty through economic and social progress for all SO1: Contribute to the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition SO 4: Enable more inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems at local, national and international levels SO 3: Reduce rural poverty SO 5: Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises SO 2: Increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner Organizational Outcomes Outputs FAO Enabling Environment Development outcome indicators for monitoring progress, which measure the long term effects to which OOs contribute Organizational Outcome indicators to measure changes produced from the use of FAO outputs, among others Enabling functions for improved corporate performance monitored by key performance indicators Output indicators for monitoring FAO deliverables Outreach Efficient and effective administration Information Technology FAO Governance, oversight and direction 4 Objective on technical quality, knowledge and services, including the cross-cutting themes: gender and governance

HOW DO WE GET THE JOB DONE? Putting information within reach Sharing policy expertise Providing a meeting place for nations Bringing knowledge to the field

Producing food and providing nutrition

Fishery production and utilization Fish production (million tonnes live weight) Per capita fish supply (kg)

Contribution of fish to human diet (2009 )

A complete nutrient package Major source of animal proteins and micronutrients for many coastal populations Unique source of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (DHA, EPA) for optimal brain development and the prevention of coronary heart disease Unique & complete source of micronutrients (calcium, iodine, zinc, iron, selenium,...) Source of vitamins (A, D, B group)generally scarce in rural diets Fish: Informati on

Examples of the importance of micronutrients Micronutrient deficiency Level of micronutrient in 100 g edible part Recommended daily intake for children: 250 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient Small sized fish eaten whole, good source; > µg RAE in 100 g Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) 500 µg RAE 54 countries are still iodine-deficient Seafood nearly the only natural food source of iodine; 250 µg iodine in 100 g Cod (Gadhus morhua) 120 µg Iron deficiency affects about 2 billion people Small sized fish eaten whole, good source; 45 mg iron in 100 g Chanwa pileng (Esomus longimanus) 8.9 mg child deaths per year are attributable to zinc deficiency Small sized fish eaten whole, good source; 20 mg zinc in 100 g Chanwa pileng (Esomus longimanus) 3.7 mg Fish: Informati on

Generating employment and adding value

Socio-Economic importance of the fish and seafood value chain Estimated Total Value 818 US $ billion in 2008 Fisheries US $ 100 billion Primary processing US $ 90 billion Secondary processing US $ 180 billion Distribution US $ 350 billion Aquaculture US $ 98 billion 13 Employment in fisheries and aquaculture: million persons in fisheries and aquaculture million along the value chain million persons (12%) depend on the sector for their livelihoods

Employment & Livelihoods

Social Aspects - Employment An Example from Thai shrimp sector in 2007: – Highly diverse – Many opportunities – Many people are involved

Enabling trade

Export of fish and seafood: 1976 – 2012 (US $ billion) Source: GTIS ® (2012)

Net exports of developing countries Moderately exploited

Development of Aquaculture

Fishery production and utilization 2011: 62.7 million tonnes 2012: 66.3 million tonnes 2013: 69.9 million tonnes million tonnes live weight 2012: estimate; 2013: forecast

Surpass by 2015 Million tonnes (live weight) Total capture Capture for human consumption Aquaculture

Aquaculture vs agriculture Annual growth rate %

Aquaculture vs meat Annual growth rate %

Aquaculture production Americas, Europe, Africa, and Oceania Combined. 9% [Million Tonnes] China 61% Asia 91%

Aquaculture Fish Production ( ) Source: FAO (2010)

Shrimp aquaculture Production ( )

World production of bivalves by species

Main producing countries (2010) Source: FAO (2010)

Current and Future Drivers for Aquaculture Development  Demographic growth  Enlargement of the middle class  Increasing fish demand  Stagnation of production from capture fisheries  Investment in innovations (feed, breeding, genetics, bio-security)  Political commitment to introduce investment promotion policies and processes

Evolution de la classe moyenne million (%) (OECD, 2010) North America 338 (18%)333 (10%)322 (7%) Europe 664 (36%)703 (22%)680 (14%) Central and South America 181 (10%)251 (8%)313 (6%) Asia and Pacific 525 (28%)740 (54%)3228 (66%) Sub Saharian Africa 32 (2%)57 (2%)107 (2%) Middle east and North Africa 105 (6%)165 (5%)234 (5%) Total World 1845 (100%)3249 (100%)4484 (100%)

Growth rate of fish production by decades Source: FAO

Perspectives of fish supply Fish supply (mt) 2010 (baseline) 2030 (projection) Aquaculture Capture fisheries 88 Total supply % of aquaculture: 40 (48 for human consumption) 58 Source: Estimation of FI Department Source: FAO FISHSTAT

Risks Increased risks of diseases and of international pathogen transfer Increased competition for water, land and oceans Environment pollution from nutrient dispersion, genetic interactions and biodiversity impacts Feed availability and price Carbon footprints and sustainability Climate change

Fishmeal and Fish oil Higher prices USD/tonne Fish oil

Fishmeal production El niño Million tonnes (product weight) From whole fish El Niño

Examples of FAO’s work to tackle the challenges Normative work Technical assistance Global Blue Growth Initiative (GAAP)

FAO SubCommittee on Aquaculture (3 rd Session. New Delhi, India, 2006) Expressed concern over the emergence of a wide range of certification schemes and their cost/benefit value recognized the need for globally accepted norms for aquaculture production to serve: 1.as a basis for improved harmonization and 2.to facilitate mutual recognition and equivalence of such certification schemes; Requested FAO to: 1. convene Expert Workshop (s) and 2.to play a lead role in facilitating the development of guidelines for certification in aquaculture

Process COFI-SC: AQ/III – 8-12 September 2006 – New Delhi, India January 2007: Secretariat, Advisory Group, recipient list, Website Bangkok Workshop – February 2007 Guidelines - Draft 1 Fortaleza Workshop – September 2007 Guidelines - Draft 2 Cochin, India meeting – November 2007 London meeting – February 2008 Guidelines - Draft 3 Silver Spring, Washington D.C meeting – May 2008 Beijing meeting – May 2008 Guidelines - Draft 4 COFI/AQ/IV – 6-10 October 2008 – Puerta Varas, Chile 28 th Session of COFI, 2 – 6 March 2009, Rome, Italy Comments by members - January 2009 Guidelines Draft 5 Technical consultation March 2010 Guidelines Draft 6 5 th Session of COFI: SC on Aquaculture, Phuket, June th Session of COFI, Rome, January 2011 Final Guidelines 6 th Session of COFI: SC on aquaculture, Cape Town, South Africa, March 2012 Update on implementation

Guidelines for aquaculture certification 1.Background 2.Scope 3.Terms and Definitions 4.Users 5.Application 6.Principles 7.Minimum Substantive Criteria 7.1 Animal Health and Welfare (OIE) 7.2 Food Safety 7.3 Environmental Integrity 7.4 Social Responsibility 8.Institutional and procedural requirements 8.1 Governance 8.2 Standards Setting 8.3 Accreditation 8.4 Certification 9.Implementation

Samalanga Cluster 41 FAO Aceh 601/ARC Jun 2010

Economics (US$ per ha) Profit Doubled over the year Gross Revenue increased by 14% 42

Progress: Villages Farmers Ha FAO Aceh 601/ARC Jun 2010

Intensification (Asia Regional) Sustainable intensification of aquaculture in Asia with focus on social, economic, environmental and climate change aspects Development (Africa Regional) Development of African aquaculture through policy assistance, aquaculture service and technology provision, commercial seed and feed development, and strengthening aquatic biosecurity Diversification (Latin America Regional) Sustainable diversification of aquaculture in Latin America through implementation of IMTA and EAA concepts, improving sustainability of tilapia, shrimp and salmon sectors Capacity Development (Central Asia Regional) Establishing aquaculture in Central Asia through policy and legal assistance and institutional and human capacity development Support to Europe (Europe Regional) Technical assistance for aquaculture production for appropriate countries based on the new EU guidelines on aquaculture development Sustainable Feeds (Global) Sourcing sustainable marine resources and producing more innovative marine resource supplements for aquaculture feeds industry Investment (Global) Identifying investment opportunities in commercial aquaculture and assisting financial agencies to develop investment programmes in support of national development economic programmes Technical Assistance (Global) Improving knowledge and building capacity at national levels in specific key priority technical areas Global Fund for Aquaculture (Global) Global fund to support investment in innovations and start ups to address key gaps and to provide bridging and investments prior to commercial investment Minimising Environmental Risks (Global) Potential GEF-6 supported programme assisting member countries to reduce environmental and biodiversity impacts of aquaculture in shared water bodies Establishing Aquaculture (SIDS-South Pacific) Technical assistance for the South-Pacific islands for assisting establishing aquaculture through policy, technology, legal and institutional strengthening. South-Pacific sub-regional. Sustainable Production (Gulf Region-Near East) Networking and legal and institutional strengthening towards increasing aquatic production through sustainable aquaculture

45 Global Aquaculture Advancement Programme Diversification - Latin America Regional Diversification (Latin America Regional) Sustainable diversification of aquaculture in Latin America through implementation of IMTA and EAA concepts, improving sustainability of tilapia, shrimp and salmon sectors Support not sure?

46 Sustainable Feeds (Global) Sourcing sustainable marine resources and producing more innovative marine resource supplements for aquaculture feeds industry Investment (Global) Identifying investment opportunities in commercial aquaculture and assisting financial agencies to develop investment programmes in support of national development economic programmes Technical Assistance (Global) Improving knowledge and building capacity at national levels in specific key priority technical areas Global Fund for Aquaculture (Global) Global fund to support investment in innovations and start ups to address key gaps and to provide bridging and investments prior to commercial investment Minimising Environmental Risks (Global) Potential GEF-6 supported programme assisting member countries to reduce environmental and biodiversity impacts of aquaculture in shared water bodies

! شكراً 谢谢 ! Thank you! Merci! Gracias! Спасибо! Lahseno.org