The Matriarchy Perplex Presenter: Anthony Rubio

What is the Matriarchy Perplex? The definition of a Matriarchy is a social system in which the mother is head of the family. The Matriarchy Perplex involves the questioning of power and status of women roles throughout history.

The beginning: Gender Equality In early civilization the power among men and women were fairly equal. However, women did have a bit more power advantage because of their contributions to society. Recognition was given for contributions made from both males and females.

The First Shift of Male Power The first shift of imbalance of power between males and females arose from early technology. The invention of slings, stones, spears, and other weapons lead to the male specialization of hunting. Projectile hunting was argued to be the first real division of labor between males and females.

The Second Shift of Power The second shift of male advantage occurred during proto-western cultures when men discovered their role in human procreation. It was quickly understood among women that males power in relation to procreation was very great.

The Shift Towards Female Power Came about during the introduction of horticulture in the Neolithic period. Women were primarily in charge of cultivation. It was during this period that women reached an all time high in status and power.

Take Over Theory Presenter: Nathan Cheung

Neolithic era Causes of this Event cultivation of plants domestication of wild animals that both were acquired wild before. This period saw the major changes in human evolution, for example village life, religion, art, architecture, farming, advanced tools and weapons etc.

James Mellaart Male hunting gods become less frequent and gradually disappear , while representation of a female deity become more frequent and finally dominate as cultivation triumphs Women reached the zenith of their power in the early Neolithic

Then at some point in the later Neolithic, and particularly as the Bronze Age began, the pendulum began to swing the other way. From the Bronze Age men specialized in projectile weapons and uses of fire, there was a decline in status of power.

Understanding Take Over Bronze Age Neolithic Neolithic Roles in Labor and Power Women Men

Outcome Religious Take Over Similar Take Overs: Christian Take over Europe Colonial Take Over Africa and America 19th century Cults of Domesticity and Invalidism in England and US When Christians came over, they converted many of the natives. Thus how the movement of women’s roles changed

Colonial Take Over Africa and America limited activities women the development of a hierarchy of clergy members with bishops, presbyters and deacons, and it's pretty firmly established that women should not be either bishops or priests. So that women tend to get excluded from those functions, [though] they do have some roles

Connecting Roles of Women to the Change in Era The roles and power for women in the Neolithic era was easier than the bronze era because at the beginning of the bronze age, weapons were seen as power and roles of men had a higher political advantage.

Presenter: Erika Martinez Social Class Theory Presenter: Erika Martinez

Karl Marx Karl Marx, a great social prophet; was a major figure in the history of economic and philosophical thought. Marx's vision was based on an evolutionary point of departure.

The Social Class Theory The Social Class Theory is basically the social structure in which classes were develop with the introduction of industrialized. Within this social structure of classes, they each work individually, yet they need each others support in order to excel.

Evolution of Human Needs Marx’s theory of social class is derived from the evolution of basic human needs. The needs for shelter, food, clothing, etc. From this the rise of production was introduced, and it was this economic factor that brought upon the social classes.

A social class… To Marx, a social class arise when: A group of people who have particular social positions to which leads to particular social circumstances. Only when these people are occupying the typical positions become involved in common struggles. The class then develops a system of communication It is then that individuals become part of a unified class that consciously can openly express their common interests. The class becomes a self-conscious and history- making body only if they become aware of the similarity of their interests through their conflicts with opposing classes.

The two main classes in industrialized capitalist societies: The Two Major Classes The two main classes in industrialized capitalist societies: Bourgeoisie (capitalists) Proletariat (landless wage workers)  

Bourgeoisie or Capitalists Class The capitalist class are the owners of production in an industrialized capitalist society. The ownership and control of production processes is what mainly classifies the class as the capitalist class. Marx believed that capitalist tended to take advantage of the working class (Proletariat) to gain wealth and profit.

The Proletariat Class This class did not own any means of production, i.e land, factories, capital. The proletariat class was generally the working class of society. Mostly relied on capitalist for wages and worked manual labor in factories and other production processes. Karl Marx believed this group of people working with different personal interests, come together with the common interest. i.e. against their employer, bring them together.

Marx Argued that: -Capitalist are destructive of their class interest in general. -They lead to the destruction of capitalism because they act rationally depending on their self interest it leads to ultimate economic crises and then this will lead to the destruction of the common interest common to all.

Gender Socialization Presenter: Sarah Cong

Definition: Gender socialization: The process of learning the attitudes and behaviors that are considered culturally appropriate for boys and girls. Why is gender socialization so important?

Gender socialization begins very early in life As the child gets older, he or she will begin to develop an identity for his or herself and establish a personality that reflects their masculinity or femininity. Nancy Chodorow's essay“ Family Structure and Feminine Personality" basically states that the development of a child is basically the same for boys and girls until the age of three.

The difference between girls and boys Gender Allowance *Approximately 50% higher then girls Girls Boys $2.67 $4.18

Also, the survey goes into how many chores girls and boys do in order to earn their allowance. Boys only perform an average of three whereas girls perform twelve or more.

Why are girls expected to do four times as much work around the house than the boys are? Chodorow's theory

Gender and the Media For example, beer companies will target the twenty to thirty year old male audience and include scantily clad women enjoying their favorite beers. Popular women's magazines also use beautiful women to promote cosmetics and beauty products.

Female Exploitation Advertisers utilize female images to sell products. Society associates beauty with the female and we are more inclined to pay attention to a beautiful woman presented to us on a screen or a page in a magazine.

Presenter: Benny Quach Inventive Ability Presenter: Benny Quach

Inventive Ability Inventive ability is probably independent of biological gender Ultimate factors of inventive ability may be artistic ability and set-breaking thinking The difference in connections of the right and left side of the brain based on gender

Equality of Women Inventors Dr. Mary Willard Jeanne Mance Chinese physicist

Inventive Motive, Opportunity, & Achievement Motives and opportunities varied depending on the situation Division of labor Improved processes and invented new tools to work more efficiently

Inventive Motive, Opportunity, & Achievement cont’d. Discovered healing properties in herbs and invented remedies Invention of the Loom Neolithic Revolution

Amanda Theodosia Jones (1835-1914) Presenter: Jenny Huang

Amanda Theodosia Jones Born in East Bloomfield, Ontario County, New York, October 19th, 1835 Had an educated family Fourth of twelve children Spent many years devoted to writing and to many personal pursuits Lived through several occupations: Teacher Poet Spiritualist Inventor Entrepreneur

Vacuum-Canning Process Also known as Pure Food Vacuum Preserving Process(es) The system involves food placed in a container, the air drained out through a series of tubes, and hot liquid (100 to 120°F) added to the container to complete the seal process Became the standard canning method in the United States

Vacuum-Canning Process Received help from Professor LeRoy Cooley of Albany, NY In 1873 five patents covered the original method Two to Jones alone for preserving food One to Jones and Cooley joint Two to Cooley alone with one also assigned to Jones for the vacuum method called Jones Process

Inventions In 1905 patented two more related inventions and two invention companies exploited her process and apparatus The Woman’s Canning and Preserving Company of Chicago was the most interested- an all woman enterprise Jones left the company after 3 years because of the lack of support from fellow officers The company lasted until 1921

Inventions Vacuum process for dry food (1906) Ready-Tin Can Oil heating furnace In a Methodist magazine (1854) "Ladies' Repository" Amanda Jones was noted for writing several popular civil war folk songs and for her books of poetry