EQ: How is the scientific theory of evolution supported by evidence? SC.912.L.15.1- Explain how the scientific theory of evolution is supported by the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, biogeography, molecular biology, and observed evolutionary change

Theory vs Law Law Theory Describes what is happening an explanation as to why something happens Highly supported by evidence but NOT proven to be true Describes what is happening Proven to be true

All living things are related. Theory of Evolution All living things are related. Idea supported by scientific evidence (but no concrete experiments) over a long period of time Change in a species is due to mutation/genetic variation that occurs over a long time Over time, certain variations make up most of a population & they may be different from their ancestors

Evidence of Evolution Fossil Records Anatomical Record Embryology Molecular Record Biogeography

Fossil Record Layers of rock contain fossils new layers cover older ones and creates a record over time Fossils show a series of organisms that have lived on Earth Current species living on Earth share similarities this ancient species Fossils records provide evidence that living things have changed over time Glyptodont Armadillo

2. Comparative Anatomy Three types of Structures: Organisms can appear to have different structures on the outside but share similar structures inside Show the story of evolution from a common ancestor Three types of Structures: Homologous structures Analogous structures Vestigial structures

Homologous structures Structures that come from the same origin homo- = same -logous = information Forelimbs of human, cats, whales, & bats Different structure on the outside, same structure on the inside evidence of common ancestor

Analogous Structures Structures that have the same function but different structure on the inside No evolutionary relationship does not show a common ancestor Dolphins: aquatic mammal Fish: aquatic vertebrate both adapted to life in the sea not closely related

Vestigial Structures A body structure that has no function in a present-day organism but was probably useful to an ancestor. This shows a change over time

3. Embryology Tells an evolutionary story: Similar embryo development may suggest a common ancestor Embryo: the earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals Vertebrate embryos exhibit homologous structures during certain phases of development but become totally different structures in the adult forms.

4. Molecular Biology Comparing DNA and protein structure Recall: HOW DO WE MAKE PROTEINS FROM OUR DNA? All living organisms share the same genetic code DNA is universal (A- T- C- G) Having DNA bases and amino acids in common show a relationship

4. Biogeography The study of the geographic distribution of species Some plants and animals have similar appearances but are only distantly related. Pangaea: Supercontinent that existed 300 million years ago. The distribution of fossils across the continents is one line of evidence pointing to the existence of Pangaea

Biogeography Similar animals are found in different locations around the world. Animals ended up evolving similar features for their environment They look the same but live in different areas

Australian Marsupials Parallel Evolution Niche Placental Mammals Australian Marsupials Burrower Mole Anteater Mouse Lemur Flying squirrel Ocelot Wolf Tasmanian “wolf” Tasmanian cat Sugar glider Spotted cuscus Numbat Marsupial mole Marsupial mouse Nocturnal insectivore Climber Glider Stalking predator Chasing Independent  evolution of similar traits Organisms have a similar ancestral condition. Species respond to similar challenges in a similar way. Filling similar roles in nature so the organism have similar adaptations.

Building “family” trees We use this information to show evolutionary relationships. Closely related species are branches on the tree — coming from a common ancestor

How is the malaria trait Evidence of Evolution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fN7rOwDyMQ

Evidence of Evolution Rotations You will be analyzing each evidence of evolution in a gallery walk. You will be in groups, and have 15 min at each station. C- Level 2 voice H- Ask three before me A- At each station, work on analyzing the evidence of evolution and answer questions in complete sentences M- Remain at your group until Ms Beck tells you to rotate. Walking around will result in a strike. P- Complete each activity on the student sheet and all analysis questions on a separate sheet to turn in Success! Think about jig saw the lab …. Maybe remove analogous since no common ancestor?

Exit ticket Clear your desk! Homework: ch 11 vocab