Biotechnology

What Is Biotechnology? Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop new microorganisms for specific uses

What Is Biotechnology? Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and either Transferring them to another organism Putting them back into the original organism in different combinations

Examples GMO- genetically modified organisms. GEO- genetically enhanced organisms. With both, the natural genetic material of the organism has been altered.

What Are the Benefits of Biotechnology? Medicine Human Veterinary Biopharming (pharmaceuticals) Environment Agriculture Food products

What are the harms of Biotechnology? http://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/neil-degrasse-tyson-annihilates-anti-gmo-argument/

How Do We Create GMO’s? Recombinant DNA Technology

Recombinant DNA Technology Extract DNA from donor Cut DNA into fragments Sort DNA fragments Recombine DNA fragments Transfer plasmids with bonded DNA Grow transformed (recipient) cells

Why Are Plants Genetically Engineered? Resist pests Resist herbicides Improved food product quality Pharmaceuticals

Other examples Genetically engineering chickens so they have no feathers – why? Genetically engineering mice so they have no fur – why? Glowing mice – why?

How Did They Do That? The jellyfish has a gene that makes a glowing protein. This makes the jellyfish glow in some types of light. The glowing gene is taken from a jellyfish cell and spliced (inserted) into an empty virus cell (with no bad virus in it) The genetically engineered virus attaches itself to the fertilized mouse egg cell. The virus delivers the glowing gene into the egg cell nucleus, where it joins the mouse DNA. Jellyfish cell Virus Virus inserting their DNA into a cell Mouse cell

This is only the beginning . . . ! What Else? Using the jellyfish protein to make a naturally glowing Christmas tree! Genetically engineered moths that pass on deadly disease genes to their relatives so they die and won’t be able to destroy crops! A gene from a spider has been inserted into some goats. Their milk now contains tiny strands of spider silk which can be made into a strong, stretchy rope. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-16554357 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktgACq4zcAU Adding a gene from insect killing bacteria to cotton so that insects who eat cotton will be poisoned! This is only the beginning . . . !

Can We End World Hunger? Malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies? Golden rice is genetically modified rice that now contains a large amount of A-vitamins. Or more correctly, the rice contains the element beta-carotene which is converted in the body into Vitamin-A. So when you eat golden rice, you get more vitamin A. Golden rice Beta-carotene gives carrots their orange color and is the reason why genetically modified rice is golden. For the golden rice to make beta-carotene three new genes are implanted: two from daffodils and the third from a bacterium Advantages: The rice can be considered a particular advantage to poor people in underdeveloped countries. They eat only an extremely limited diet lacking in the essential bodily vitamins. The consequences of this restricted diet causes many people to die or become blind. This is particularly true in areas of Asia, where most of the population live on rice from morning to evening. Are there any disadvantages?

Cloning Cloning- new organism that has been produced asexually from a single parent Genotype is identical to parent Cells or tissues are cultured

Cloning