Temperature, Heat Transfer & Thermal Energy

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Presentation transcript:

Temperature, Heat Transfer & Thermal Energy

What is heat? What is temperature?

Thermal Energy, Temperature and Heat Transfer The terms heat and temperature are often confused by people… Thermal energy: the TOTAL kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance Temperature: the measure of the AVERAGE kinetic energy in an object Heat transfer: the MOVEMENT of thermal energy from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature

Remember… There is no such thing as “cold” just more heat and less heat Heat likes to go from high to low until it has nowhere else to go! We call that EQUILIBRIUM

Coffee Pot or the North Sea? Which is hotter? (temperature) Which contains more energy? (heat)

Iceberg or a glass of water? Which is hotter? (temperature) Which contains more energy? (heat)

…something which has a higher temperature than another does not necessarily contain more heat energy… This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Temperature Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance. Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin are three temperature scales. Absolute zero (0 K, or –273ºC) is the lowest possible temperature. Thermal expansion is the increase in volume of a substance due to an increase in temperature.

Heat Transfer The MOVEMENT of thermal energy from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature Radiation, conduction, and convection are three ways thermal energy is transferred.

Radiation The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves Does NOT require a medium and CAN occur in a vacuum Energy moves between molecules Example: heat radiating from the sun; heat radiating from a lamp or a fire

Conduction The transfer of energy through direct contact Molecules collide & transfer energy Happens in solids & liquids Gas molecules are often too far apart for conduction to work well Example: a spoon placed in hot liquid gets hot itself

Convection The transfer of energy by the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) Warmer substances are less dense and cooler substances are more dense Heated molecules rise and cooler molecules sink This creates a circular pattern called a convection current Example: global wind patterns, cooking noodles or soup

The three type of heat can occur at the same time!

More real-world examples of the three types of heat transfer This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC