1. Temperature
Chapter 10 Section 1

2. What is Temperature?
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
The faster the particles move, the more kinetic energy
The more kinetic energy, the higher the temperature

3. Measuring temperature
Tool: thermometer
works by thermal expansion
Thermal expansion- the increase in volume of a substance due to an increase in temperature
Substance gets hotter particles move faster particles spread out
therefore substance expands

4. Temperature Scales Official SI scale- Kelvin scale Fahrenheit Celsius
Lowest temperature is absolute zero
Never been achieved
Absolute zero is the point when all particle movement stops
Unit is kelvin
Fahrenheit
Not widely used in science
Units °F
Celsius
Divided in 100 equal parts
Units~°C

5. Temperature conversion
To Convert:
Use this equation:
Celsius to Fahrenheit
°C °F
°F = (9/5 x °C) +32
Fahrenheit to Celsius
°F °C
°C = 5/9 x(°F - 32)
Celsius to Kelvin
°C K
K = °C + 273
Kelvin to Celsius
K °C
°C = K - 273

6. What is Heat?
Chapter 10 Section 2

7. Heat is a Transfer of Energy
Heat ~ the transfer of energy between objects that are a different temperature
Energy is transferred from the object with the higher temperature to the object with the lower temperature
Thermal energy ~ the total kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance
depends on amount and temperature of the substance
Thermal equilibrium~ when both objects reach the same temperature

8. Conduction, Convection, Radiation
Conduction ~ the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another through direct contact
Conductors transfer thermal energy well
Many metals
Insulators do not transfer thermal energy well
wood

9. Conduction, Convection, Radiation
Convection ~ transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or gas
Convection current~ circular motion of liquids and gases due to density differences

10. Conduction, Convection, Radiation
Radiation ~ the transfer of energy through matter or space as electromagnetic waves
Visible light, infrared waves

11. The Differences Between Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
The total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
The transfer of energy between objects that are at different temperatures
Expressed in degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Celsius, or kelvins
Expressed in joules
Amount of energy transferred expressed in joules or calories
Does not vary with the mass of a substance
Varies with the mass and temperature of a substance
Varies with the mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change of a substance