1. Ch. 10.1 Energy Transfer Kinetic Molecular Theory “Kinetic” = moving
“Molecular” = all matter is made up of atoms and molecules
So all matter is made up of tiny moving particles.

2. Solids, Liquids and Gases
SOLIDS (e.g. ice) = particles are close together and don’t move fast (vibrate and don’t change position).
LIQUIDS (e.g. water) = particles are farther apart than a solid, moving faster, and make a set volume.
GAS (e.g. steam) = particles are far apart, move very quickly and take up all available space.

3. Temperature
Temperature is an average measure of how much the particles are moving (how much kinetic energy they have).
Measured in Celsius, Fahrenheit or Kelvin.

4. Thermal Energy Thermal Energy = Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy
(energy of movement) (energy of position)
So Thermal Energy is the total energy of all the particles in any substance.

5. Heat and Thermal Energy Transfer
Heat = the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from a higher  lower area of thermal energy.
THREE WAYS
HEAT IS
TRANSFERRED
CONDUCTION
CONVECTION
RADIATION

6. Conduction Conduction = transfer of heat by direct contact.
Heat is transferred from higher temperature (higher kinetic energy) particles  lower temperature (lower kinetic energy) particles.
Example: a cold spoon warms
when placed in a
cup of hot chocolate.
Conductors = materials that transfer heat easily (e.g. metals)
Insulators = materials that do not conduct heat easily (e.g. ceramics)

7. Convection Convection: a) the transfer of heat in liquids and gases
b) the movement of heat from hot to cold within a fluid
c) the movement of the hot liquid to an area of cold liquid.
Hot  cold
(low density) (high density)
This is how convection
currents form.

8. Radiation
Radiation = the transfer of radiant energy by waves. What we feel as heat is called infrared radiation.