1. Thermal Energy & Heat
Chapter 10

2. Temperature
Temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. The faster the particles in an object move, the more kinetic energy they have; therefore, they have a higher temperature.

3. Thermal Expansion
When a substance gets real hot, the particles spread out and the object literally gets bigger. We call this thermal expansion.

4. Measuring temperature
We measure temperature using a thermometer.
Scientists use the Kelvin scale which is not measured in degrees but in Kelvins.
The lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale is absolute zero which is the point where there is NO kinetic movement in the particles. This has not been reached as of this date.

5. Thermostats use bimetal strips as switches because they expand and bend at different temperatures allowing them to turn on and off as needed

6. Absolute Zero

7. Temperature is…
Temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. It is measured in Kelvins of degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius.
It does not vary with mass (because it is an average).

8. Thermal Energy is…
the total energy of the particles of a substance and measured in Joules. It varies with the mass and volume of a substance. A bucket of water at 40 degrees Celsius has more thermal energy than a cup at 40 degrees Celsius. .

9. Thermal Energy vs. Temperature
A cup of hot water has a higher temperature (average) than a lake. The lake has higher thermal energy because it has so much volume when you add all the energy together it is far greater than the cup of hot water!

10. Heat is not temperature!
Heat is the TRANSFER of that movement from one substance to another.

11. There are three types of heat.
There are three ways to transfer thermal energy from one object to another (to heat something up!)

12. Conduction
Energy is transferred by touch.

13. Convection
Convection: transfer by movement of fluid (gas or liquid) circular movements.

14. More convection examples:

15. Why would this window work better than others?

16. Radiation
is the transfer of thermal energy through space/air.