Transcription

RNA vs. DNA DNA Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Bases: C,G A,T RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Bases: C,G,A,U Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.

Transcription and Translation: makes Translation makes

Transcription RNA forms base pairs with DNA C-G A-U

Major players in transcription mRNA- Messenger RNA type of RNA that codes information to make proteins carries proteins to a ribosome from the nucleus

Transcription is done…what now? Now we have mRNA transcribed from the cell’s DNA. It is leaving the nucleus through a nuclear pore. Once in the cytoplasm, it finds a ribosome so that translation can begin.

TRANSCRIPTION ACGATACCCTGA DNA Sequence: mRNA Sequence UGC UAU GGG ACU

Translation Purpose is to make proteins (protein synthesis) from mRNA.

Protein Synthesis Overview Two processes are required: 1. Transcription: DNA > mRNA 2. Translation: mRNA > protein

What is Translation? mRNA is on a ribosome tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

Reading the DNA code Every group of 3 mRNA bases makes a single amino acid Codon- triplet (3) of mRNA bases

The Genetic Code

ACGATACCCTGACGA

Transcription vs. Translation Review genetic information in DNA is copied onto mRNA Occurs in the nucleus DNA mRNA Translation information in mRNA is used to make a protein at a ribosome Occurs on a Ribosome mRNA protein

3 Types of RNA: Messenger RNA: Transfer RNA: Ribosomal RNA: (mRNA) carries nucleotide sequence from nucleus to ribosome Transfer RNA: (tRNA) picks up amino acid in cytoplasm and carries them to ribosome Ribosomal RNA: (rRNA)found in ribosome, joins mRNA and tRNA; forms protein