1. Notes – Protein Synthesis: Transcription

2. DNA and RNA puzzles: Instructions
Draw:
One molecule of DNA with 4 base pairs
One molecule of RNA with 4 nucleotides
Label a nucleotide
Label a base pair
Label the sugar-phosphate backbone
Compare the two molecules using compare and contrast words:
unlike / have in common / difference between
in contrast / compared to / a distinction between

3. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA is transcribed into RNA in the nucleus
RNA is translated into protein at the ribosome in the cytoplasm
Gene = a piece of the chromosome that contains instructions for one protein

4. DNA vs. RNA
RNA uses ribose sugar while DNA uses deoxyribose

5. DNA vs. RNA

6. DNA vs. RNA RNA uses ribose sugar while DNA uses deoxyribose
RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded

7. DNA vs. RNA RNA uses ribose sugar while DNA uses deoxyribose
RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded
RNA uses uracil in the place of DNA’s thymine

8. Types of RNA
mRNA = messenger RNA, copies of DNA instructions sent from the nucleus to the ribosomes
tRNA = transfer RNA, brings amino acids to the ribosomes
rRNA = Ribosomal RNA, combined with protein to make a ribosome

9. Transcription: DNA to RNA
An enzyme (RNA polymerase) attaches to a promoter, a region of DNA at the start of a gene
RNA polymerase opens the double helix

10. Transcription: DNA to RNA
An enzyme (RNA polymerase) attaches to a promoter, a region of DNA at the start of a gene
RNA polymerase opens the double helix
RNA polymerase matches complementary RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides

11. Transcription: DNA to RNA
An enzyme (RNA polymerase) attaches to a promoter, a region of DNA at the start of a gene
RNA polymerase opens the double helix
RNA polymerase matches complementary RNA nucleotides to one of the DNA strands
The new RNA molecule is released from the enzyme

12. Outline the process of Transcription using sequencing language:
initially
next, later, then
after
finally
following
eventually