Late Middle Ages Part 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Late Middle Ages Part 2

5. The Black Death First appeared in Italy in 1347 and spread to the rest of Europe. It killed more than a third of Europe’s seventy million people.

5. The Black Death Consequences: Depopulation Migration to cities: revitalization of urban life Opportunities for class mobility: demand of workers Dislocation of social order and social clashes Rising secularism End of feudalism in many areas

6. Wars and famine The Hundred Years’ War England and France (1337-1453) Important figure: Joan of Arc The wars depleted the resources of both countries.

6. Wars and famine Hundred Years’ War : Modern warfare (gunpowder, ambushes…)

7. Political situation Raising of constitutional monarchies (parliament). Political and territorial consolidation of the French, English and Spanish monarchies. Creation of a national identity. What about the Church?

8. The Church Religious and cultural leadership in the High Middle Ages. Great economic and political power The raising of national monarchies diminishes the power of the Church

8. The Church Great Schism (1378 to 1417): Instigated by political alliances the Church divides: Pope at Avignon and Pope at Rome

8. The Church Repression and religious intolerance: Holy Inquisition suppressed “heretic” movements though torture and executions. In Spain it was used to forcibly convert Muslims and Jews into Christianity.

8. The Church lost of prestige for the institution. Consequences lost of prestige for the institution. Rise of anticlericalism/ secularism Rise of devotional piety and mysticism: individual experience of God.

9. Cultural changes Faith and reason are finally separated: they have different ends. Explanations of the natural world are pursued through reason. Use of the empirical method (modern science).

9. Literature Rise of literature in vernacular languages New patrons and audiences: urban nobles and middle class Social realism: study of social types: (Triumph of Death) Invention of the printing press (1455): production and distribution of literature

9. Literature Italy: England: Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) Divine Comedy Petrarch (1304-74) Canzoniere Boccaccio (1313-75) Decameron England: Geoffrey Chaucer (1342-1400) The Canterbury Tales

10. Late Medieval Painting: Italy The Italian painter Giotto (1300s) is a revolutionary figure. He introduces: perspective feelings

10. Late Medieval Painting: Italy