Anatomy Review Part 2

Need to know Respiratory system Circulatory system Purpose Organs & functions Flow of O2 & CO2 Where does O2 & CO2 get exchanged?? Circulatory system Heart: chambers, valves, flow of blood Vessels: arteries, veins, capillaries Types of blood cells

Need to know Nervous system Endocrine system Purpose Organs & functions CNS & PNS 3 types of neurons. Reflex arc Endocrine system What are glands? List a few examples What do glands produce? examples Immune system – what does it do for your body? Urinary system – what does it do for your body?

1 A boy jumps into a cold swimming pool and his body temperature goes down. His muscles, blood vessels, and nervous system work together to restore his body temperature. Which term best describes this process? A. homeostasis B. hypothermia C. reflex

2 Examining a bone marrow sample could help a doctor diagnose problems with which of the following? A. sense of balance B. speed of reflexes C. production of blood cells

3 Which term describes the maintenance of a steady internal state in the body? A. gametogenesis B. homeostasis C. mitosis

4 Capillaries are part of which body system? A. skeletal system B. nervous system C. circulatory system

5 Which of the following is the basic structural unit of the nervous system? A. axon B. neuron C. red blood cell

6 Which of the following is NOT a type of neuron? Cardiac Interneuron Sensory Motor

7 An EEG is a medical instrument that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain. The brain’s electrical activity is directly caused by which of the following? A. synthesis of hormones B. repair of damaged tissue C. transmission of nerve impulses

8 In the human respiratory system, the contraction and relaxation of a muscle called the diaphragm helps move air through which of the following structures? A. artery, capillary, and vein B. larynx, pharynx, and trachea C. atrium, trachea, and ventricle

9 In which of the following ways does the respiratory system help to maintain homeostasis during exercise? A. Reserves of oxygen are built up in the alveoli. B. The pharynx supplies glucose so that the muscles can produce ATP. C. Breathing rate is increased to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide more rapidly.

10 Which of the following carries nerve impulses from receptors in the skin to the central nervous system (brain)? A. marrow B. motor neuron C. sensory neuron

11 Which component of blood is directly responsible for transporting oxygen to body cells? A. plasma B. platelets C. red blood cells

12 Which of the following represents a path that a nerve impulse could travel in the nervous system? A. brain → motor neuron → spinal cord B. brain → sensory neuron → motor neuron C. sensory neuron → spinal cord → brain

13 Damage to neurons directly interferes with which of the following processes? A. delivery of glucose to cells B. filtering of wastes from blood C. transmission of nerve impulses

14 The upper chambers of the heart are called _________ and the lower chambers are called __________ Ventricle, Atrium Atrium, Ventricle, Vena Cava, Aorta

15 What is the purpose of the Endocrine system? to control growth, development, metabolism and reproduction through the production and secretion of hormones to remove infectious diseases and other pathogens from the human body collecting, transferring and processing information

16 Which of the following is a correct order in which air moves through the human respiratory system when a person inhales? A. nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs B. nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs C. pharynx, bronchi, nose, larynx, trachea, lungs

17 The concentration of which gas is higher in exhaled air than in inhaled air? A. carbon dioxide B. helium C. oxygen

18 Growth hormone, estrogen, and thyroxine are some hormones secreted by endocrine glands. What is the role of these hormones? A. to generate nerve impulses B. to regulate body functions C. to directly supply energy to cells

19 Degenerative nerve diseases destroy nerve cells. These diseases can lead to paralysis by interfering with which of the following? A. transport of hormones that stimulate muscle cells B. production of ATP that is required by muscle cells C. transmission of electrochemical signals from the brain to muscle cells D. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between neurons and muscle cell

20 Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the kidneys and the liver to the circulatory system? A. The kidneys and the liver pump blood. B. The kidneys and the liver produce blood cells. C. The kidneys and the liver remove wastes from blood.

21 These blood vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart Capillaries Veins Arteries

21 These are the smallest blood vessels (one cell thick). Where exchange of O2 & CO2 occurs in lungs Arteries Tendons Capillaries

22 These blood vessels carry blood TOWARDS the heart Capillaries Veins Arteries

23 Which of the following is the CORRECT pathway of blood in the heart Vena Cava -> Right Atrium -> Valve -> Right Ventricle -> Valve -> Pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> Valve -> left ventricle - Aorta Vena Cava -> Left Atrium -> valve -> Left Ventricle -> -> valve -> Pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary vein -> Right Atrium -> valve -> Right Ventricle -> Aorta

24 This is the ‘master gland’ that communicates with the hypothalamus to control many body activities Thyroid gland Pituitary gland Adrenal gland

25. 1 What is #1? Bronchi Trachea Pharynx

26. What is #2? Bronchi Bronchioles Pharynx 2

27. What is #3? Trachea Epiglottis Diaphragm 3

28. 4 What is #4? Bronchi Pharynx Larynx

29. What is #1? Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Left Atrium 1

30. What is #2? Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle 2

31. What is #3? Right Atrium Right Ventricle Vena Cava 3

32. 4 What is #4? Right Atrium Aorta Vena Cava