August 23rd, 2018 3. What is a hypothesis? FIRST FIVE CHECK Pick up materials. Find seat. Organize desk and materials. Write down homework. Begin DO NOW. DO NOW #3 1. Identify which part of this phrase is an observation – “I saw ice on the lake yesterday. The lake must be cold.” 2. Identify which part of this phrase is an inference – “I saw ice on the lake yesterday. The lake must be cold.” 3. What is a hypothesis? 4. Where can science happen? 5. What four variables are important when designing an experiment? DO NOT TOUCH LAB MATERIALS OR I WILL BECOME A FIRE MONSTER.

DO NOW #3 Answers 1. Identify which part of this phrase is an observation – “I saw ice on the lake yesterday. The lake must be cold.” The part of the phrase that is an observation is “I saw ice on the lake” because it is a statement using one of the five the senses. 2. Identify which part of this phrase is an inference – “I saw ice on the lake yesterday. The lake must be cold.” The part of the phrase that is an inference is “the lake must be cold” because it is a guess or explanation based on your observations/knowledge.

DO NOW #3 Answers 3. What is a hypothesis? A hypothesis is a testable prediction. 4. Where can science happen? Science can happen anywhere. 5. What four variables are important when designing an experiment? Four important variables to consider when designing an experiment are: independent, dependent, constant, and control.

Verbal Drills 1. When I say independent variable you say… MANIPULATE 2. When I say dependent variable you say… MEASURE 3. Observations use your… FIVE SENSES 4. Science is… The process of inquiry. 5. What is our class motto? BE UNCOMMON 6. What are our class goals? 100% of students will surpass the district average on the EOC. 100% of students will mastery 75% of course standards.

August 23rd, 2018 Objective: I can explain that the scientific method is a process driven by observation and experimentation. Essential Question: How do scientists use the scientific method to solve problems? Agenda: First Five/Do Now Verbal Drills Overview Lab Overview Lab (Work Period) Closing Exit Ticket/Last Five

Nature of Science Day Two Ms. Parton Environmental Science

St. John’s River Watershed Investigation

Let’s Review What is a watershed? What watershed do we live in? What is unique about the watershed that we live in? What are issues with the watershed we live in? What is storm water runoff? What is the question we are trying to answer?

What common watershed contaminant is the most harmful to the St What common watershed contaminant is the most harmful to the St. John’s River?

How are we going to test this How are we going to test this? Read through the lab handout and summarize what we will be doing with your table.

You will be given river water and four common contaminants. Sample A: Fertilizer Sample B: Parabens Sample C: Gasoline/Oil Sample D: Coal By-Products Sample E: Uncontaminated River Water

But how will we know which one is the most harmful?

pH and Contamination Value pH is a measure of how acidic or basic something is (or how many free H+ ions are in that substance). Living organisms exist best at a pH 7. Fortunately, water is normally a pH 7. In order to measure how must the river has been harmed, we will measure the pH of each substance and see how far from 7 it is.

Before Experiment Questions 1. What question is this experiment trying to answer? What common watershed contaminant is the most harmful to the St. John’s River?

Before Experiment Questions 2. What do you predict will happen in this experiment? [HINT: Which one do you think will be the most harmful?] I predict that gasoline (or coal, fertilizer, parabens) will be the most harmful contaminant to the St. John’s River.

Before Experiment Questions 3. Use the question and your prediction to write a hypothesis for this experiment. Gasoline (or coal, fertilizer, parabens) will be the most harmful contaminant to the St. John’s River as measured by pH.

Before Experiment Questions 4. What is the independent variable? [Manipulate] The type of watershed contaminant is the independent variable.

Before Experiment Questions 5. What is the dependent variable? [Measure] The dependent variable is the pH or contamination value.

Before Experiment Questions 6. What is the control? The control is uncontaminated river water.

Before Experiment Questions 7. What are some constants to consider? Some constants to consider include: the type of pH strip, pH testing methods, the amount of liquid you test…

Before Experiment Questions 8. How are you going to be safe during this experiment? I will be safe during this experiment by following the procedure, wearing safety goggles, using gloves, and following all directions.

So we’ve been talking about the Scientific Method and how we do science…

Materials All the items you need for the experiment? What materials do you need for our experiment?

Methods Specific tests or measurements you will take during your experiment and how you conduct those tests or measurements.

pH Testing Take your five pH strips and lay them on a sheet of white paper. Then, use the dropper to drop a few drops of each sample on the pH strip. It should change color instantly. Compare the strip to the color chart to determine the pH of the sample.

Contamination Value The contamination value of a substance is how much the pH of a substance deviates from a pH of 7 or neutral. The higher the contamination value, the more harmful a substance is to a water ecosystem. PRACTICE River Water: 7 Sample A: 5 Sample B: 8 7 – 5 = 2 Absolute Value of 2 is 2. 7 – 8 = -1 Absolute Value of -1 is 1.

Procedures The steps it takes to complete the desired experiment. Instructions on how to do the experiment. READ all instructions prior to starting.

Data Collection When considering how to collect your data, you must first determine what kind of data you are collecting. Qualitative Data – Words to describe your data. Ex. Dolphins have smooth skin. Quantitative Data – Numbers to describe your data. Ex. Dolphins eat 10 lbs. a day. What kind of data are you collecting? Where will you record your data?

Complete the Lab Finished early? Double check all your math and data. On a SCRAP sheet of paper, plan how you would graph today’s data.

August 23rd, 2018 2. What should you do before starting any lab? FIRST FIVE CHECK Pick up materials. Find seat. Organize desk and materials. Write down homework. Begin DO NOW. Exit Ticket #4 1. Compare and contrast quantitative data and qualitative data. 2. What should you do before starting any lab? 3. How do scientists use the scientific method to solve problems?