2. Science= Latin for “to know” Biology= Science of Life Inquiry= People asking questions Observation= The use of the senses to gather and record information

3. Inference: Logical Conclusion based on an observation Generalization: When many specific observations are put together to reach a general conclusion. Theory: A well tested explanation that makes sense of many varied scientific observations. Theory of Natural selection

4. 1. Introduction/Observation observe something you want to know about 2.Question a question that can be answered by an investigation Included the variables being tested 3.Hypothesis a prediction that is educated and can be tested Written in “IF, THEN, BECAUSE” Format

5. 4.Materials A complete list of all equipment and ingredients 5.Procedure (A logical set of instructions describing each step) Any person should be able to duplicate the experiment 6.Data Data table and Graphs showing all data collected and compared 7.Conclusion A statement that answers the initial question, shows whether the hypothesis was supported or rejected.

6. Manipulated Variable: A variable that is changed by the experimenter Responding Variable: A variable that is measured in the experiment Controlled Variable: A variable that is kept the same throughout the entire experiment. Experimental Control: A test subject that is unchanged or left in it’s original state, used to compare to the manipulated subjects.

7. 1.MV: RV: 2.MV RV: 3.MV: RV:

8. 1.If chocolate is given to teachers, then amount of homework will decrease, because the teacher is happy! 2.If trees have leaves, then bird nests will increase because the leaves protect them from view 3.If plants are watered, then growth height will increase because plants use water to make food.

9. 1.If chocolate is given to teachers, then amount of homework will decrease, because the teacher is happy! 2.If trees have leaves, then bird nests will increase because the leaves protect them from view 3.If plants are watered, then growth height will increase because plants use water to make food. MV RV

10. Question: A testable question is a must for any experiment The question must include the manipulated variable, the responding variable, and should be testable.

11. Use the information below to write a testable question for an experiment 1). MV: amount of light RV: Growth of grass seed Question format: How will (Manipulated Variable) affect (Responding Variable)?

12. Use the information below to write a testable question for an experiment 2). MV: Type of food RV: speed of ants carrying food

13. Hypothesis: An educated guess that can be tested by an investigation **Hypothesis Format** If (manipulated variable), then (responding variable), because (scientific explanation)

14. What affect does studying with music have on a student’s test scores? How do I make this a hypothesis? Identify the variables (manipulated, responding) Manipulated is usually found at the beginning of the question Responding is usually found after the manipulated Change the format (If, Then, Because) Make a prediction (what do you think will happen?)

15. What affect does studying with music have on student test scores? What is being changed and measured? The red words tell us what is being changed Studying with or without music The yellow words tell us what is being measured. Student test scores Using this information, write a hypothesis *Remember* IF___THEN____BECAUSE_____

16. What affect does studying with music have on student test scores? Here is an example: If a student studies with music, then they will have higher test scores, because they aren’t being distracted while they study.

17. 1.What affect does the color of food have on the amount of food fish eat? 2.What affect does smiling have on a teacher giving no homework? 3.How does serving mystery meat for lunch change the length of the lunch line?

18. 1.What affect does the color of food have on the amount of food fish eat? 2.What affect does smiling have on a teacher giving no homework? 3.How does serving mystery meat for lunch change the length of the lunch line? Using these hints of variables please write your own hypotheses in if….,then….,because…. format

19. Quantitative data: Measurements or observations recorded numerically Ex: 5 pounds 8 feet Qualitative data: Measurements or observations recorded as descriptions Ex: Mom is blond haired The building is square

20. Identify each in your notes as quantitative (QA) or qualitative (QL) 1.The ball was red, bouncy, and smooth 2.The ball bounced 5 mm high 3.The boy skateboarded the course in 20 seconds 4.The girl ran the race in 15 seconds 5.The frog was not moving, cold to the touch, and dry 6.The experiment made 1 pound of goo each minute and it was green and squishy.

21. 1.Qualitative (QL) 2.Quantitative (QA) 3.Quantitative (QA) 4.Quantitative (QA) 5.Qualitative (QL) 6.Both (QA and QL)

22. Use the information below to decide what measurements should be used in this experiment 3). MV: Change in Temperature RV: Growth of radish seeds Hypothesis: If the temperature of a radish seed is changed then it will grow less because it was placed in an unfamiliar environment Measurement:__________________________

23. Use the variables to write a question and hypothesis. 4). MV: Use of vitamins RV: Kitten Growth Question:________________________. Hypothesis:________________________.

24. With in a manipulated variable there must be at least 3 conditions tested Ex: MV: change in water temperature 10 o C 20 o C 30 o C RV: Speed of swimmer

25. 1.MV: 1 2 3 RV: 2.MV 1 2 3 RV:

26. 1.How does a change in temperature affect the growth of gold fish? 2.How do different color lights affect the growth of bean plants?

27. 1.MV: Temperature change 1 2 3 RV: gold fish growth 2.MV: Different color lights 1 2 3 RV: Growth of bean plants

28. Validity: Steps taken in a lab to ensure the outcome to be consistent and the data to be accurate Reliability: Repeating the lab multiple times to ensure that the outcome is consistent