ZOOLOGY Intro to Animals   Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html

_______________ = study of life ________________ = Study of the functions of organs ______________ = the structure of the organism/organs ______________ = study of animals

Which of these is an “animal”?

Answer: They are all animals!

Animal Groups Image from: http://ology.amnh.org/biodiversity/treeoflife/pages/graph.html

Animal Kingdom Phyla Phylum _________ – sponges Phylum _________ – sea anemones, jellyfish, hydra

Phylum _______________________ - flatworms Free-living Planarian Parasitic Tapeworm

Phylum _______________ – roundworms Phylum _____________ – segmented worms

Phylum _______________ – clams, squid, snails

Octopus and Squid are also Mollusks. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Sea slugs belong to the Phylum Mollusca.

Phylum _______________ – crustaceans, insects, spiders This is the _____________ phylum in the animal kingdom and contains the most number of species

Phylum __________________ - starfish

Phylum Echinodermata - Spiny skinned organisms. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

A sea cucumber belongs to the Phylum Echinodermata. How is it different than the sea slug which belongs to Mollusca? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which picture below is in the Phylum Mollusca, and which is in the Phylum Echinodermata? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Phylum _____________ – includes all vertebrates

Characteristics of ALL Animals: Are ______________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles get food from consuming other organisms made of many cells Show ______________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs

Characteristics of ALL Animals: 5. ___________ (at some point in life cycle) for food, find mates, escape danger Contain ______ which carries the genetic code 7. ____________________ Make offspring Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual)

10 Body Systems : (fur, skin, scales, feathers) 1. ______________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING (fur, skin, scales, feathers) ___________ and ___________, ID, prevents heat & water loss Orangutan image from: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.php Fish image from:http://www.woodburning.com/fish/ Frog image from: http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~mmorley/rainbow/green%20frog.jpg Cardinal image from: http://www.nps.gov/fopu/pulaskione/GRAPHIC/IMAGES/birds/Northern%20Cardinal.jpg

Breaks down food to obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste 2. _______________ Breaks down food to obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste Image from: http://infozone.imcpl.org/kids_diges.htm

____ OPENINGS: Food enters through ________

Only ______ opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through ______ opening Images from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif Only ______ opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through ______ opening

____________ openings: Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif ____________ openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)

________________: Most ____________ Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif ________________: Most ____________ If food flows only one direction it allows for organ ____________________ (Different parts can start to do different jobs)

Transports nutrients/oxygen to body _________ 3. _______________ Transports nutrients/oxygen to body _________ Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste _________ from cells Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = ________ loose inside body spaces = _________ Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif

4. _____________ Exchange _______ with the environment take in oxygen get rid of waste gases (CO2 &/or ammonia) Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif

Get rid of __________ waste made by cells 5. ________________ Get rid of __________ waste made by cells Help with _________________ by maintaining water/ion balance (_________________)

NITROGEN WASTE : _____________ Most TOXIC Must be removed ____________ Needs MOST water to dilute ________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be ___________ if diluted with water (Needs less water to dilute than ammonia) ____________ LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs ________ amount of water to dilute)

http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/nitrowaste.JPG NITROGEN WASTE

Framework to support body/protection 6. _______________ Framework to support body/protection Skeleton on inside = __________________ Skeleton on outside = _________________ Walking skeleton image from: http://virtualastronaut.jsc.nasa.gov/textonly/act15/text-skeletonpuz.html Insect lefg image from:http://www.zoobooks.com/newFrontPage/animals/virtualZoo/animals/i/insects/images/exoskeleton.gif

________________ move body itself Image from: http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/muscles_noSW.html 7. ________________ ________________ move body itself OR move substances __________ body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels) http://www.angliacampus.com/public/sec/science/nutriton/images/peristal.gif

8. ________________ Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = _________ REPRODUCTION Produce offspring using genetic material from only ___ parent = ____________ REPRODUCTION Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm

___________ DEVELOPMENT - immature LARVA looks ___________ than adult _________ DEVELOPMENT - young are _______ versions of adults Metamorphosis image from: http://www.lincoln.midcoast.com/~del/butterfly Frog image from: http://www.animationlibrary.co Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG

Sperm and egg join ___________ female’s body = ___________ fertilization Animation from: http://discover.edventures.com/images/termlib/f/fertilization/support.gif

9. ______________ Receive sensory info about ______________ & send __________ signals http://www.roadhunter.com/~ceph/gallery/anatomy07.jpg

10. ____________ Make ___________ that regulate other body systems (only in higher animals) Image from: http://www.cushings-help.com/images/endocrine.jpg

Kinds of Symmetry No symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry

_____________ = No symmetry Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you _______ get 2 identical halves. Image from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm

________ Symmetry Get 2 identical halves in _____________ directions. Jelly fish image: http://www.redfishbluefish.com/BellaLuz/Jellyfish.jpg Image from: http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/ Get 2 identical halves in _____________ directions. http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm

___________ Symmetry If divide animal down the _________ you get 2 mirror images BUT only divides equally in ______ direction Image from: http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Animals/Symmetry.htm

Identify the Symmetry

Trends in Animal Evolution Early Development Animals begin life as a _________ (fertilized egg)

The cells in the zygote divide to form the ____________ - a hollow ball of cells

The blastula pinches inward to form three ________ LAYERS ___________ Digestive system, respiratory Muscle, excretory, bones, circulatory Outer skin, brain, nervous system

3 Types of Coeloms ACOELOM EUCOELOM PSEUDOCOELOM ectoderm mesoderm endoderm Image from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg

Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) ________________ (space) formed within the mesoderm that surrounds the internal organs ____________ = “without space” No cavity (space) around organs Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm

FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) Space around _______ but only lined with _____________ on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm __________________

ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!

Kinds of Coeloms (See-Lums) ____________: Body cavity (space) lined on _______ sides by mesoderm Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM

EUCOELOMATES ______ VERTEBRATES & ________ INVERTEBRATES

Advantages of having a COELOM (body space): Provides _________ for internal organs In animals without a skeleton- _________ in coelom space can act as a __________________ skeleton In animals without blood ____________- Fluid in coelom space can circulate ______________ and oxygen to cells

WHY is a EUCOELOM the best? __________ organ muscles and _____ wall muscles come from MESODERM in different ________ so organism can digest food and move at same time. Images from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Images/Animal_Images/coelomate.gif

Which way is up? ____________ (top) _____________ tail end _____________ head end _______________ (underneath) Image from: http://www.ca4h.org/4hresource/clipart/animals/pics/dog.gif

______________ - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head) *The more _________ the animals becomes the more pronounced their cephalization Octopus – member of the class Cephalopoda (head-foot)

Segmentation - "advanced" animals have body ______________, and _____________________ of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine)