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Introduction to Animals
Ch. 26 Review
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List the 7 levels of Linnaeus’s classification hierarchy starting with the most general
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
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State the 3 characteristics that classify animals:
Multicellular Heterotrophic Cells lack cell wall
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Breaking down food molecules into small molecules is know as .
Single-celled organisms digest their food inside cells outside cells (intracellular) (extracellular) Within their body cells (intracellular) Breaking down food molecules into small molecules is know as . Digestion
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phylogeny deuterostome Heterotroph invertebrate closed PRACTICE VOCAB:
Organism that obtains food by eating other organisms ____________________ Animal without a backbone ____________________ Kind of circulatory system in which blood is contained inside vessels __________________ An organism’s evolutionary history __________________ animal whose mouth does not develop From the blastopore Heterotroph invertebrate closed phylogeny deuterostome
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vertebrate blastula PRACTICE VOCAB: protostome cleavage
Organism with a backbone ____________________ Organism with determinate spiral cleavage whose blastopore becomes its mouth ____________________ A series of cell divisions that occur after fertilization Hollow ball of cells __________________ vertebrate protostome cleavage blastula
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differentiation fertilization Gastrulation open PRACTICE VOCAB:
Joining of an egg & sperm ____________________ transformation of blastula into gastrula, formation of the embryonic germ layers Kind of circulatory system in which blood is NOT contained in vessels __________________ and flows loose inside the coelom When dividing cells become increasingly different from each other ______________________ fertilization Gastrulation open differentiation
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No matter which way you slice this animal, you never get 2 equal halves.
It has __________ asymmetry. Asymmetry bilateral symmetry radial symmetry True OR False Organisms that share structures probably have a common ancestor. TRUE
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invertebrate Asexual reproduction PRACTICE VOCAB: deuterostome
Organism without a backbone ____________________ Organism with indeterminate radial cleavage whose blastopore becomes its anus ____________________ Organism that must get nutrients by consuming other organisms __________________ Produces offspring genetically identical to parent __________________ invertebrate deuterostome heterotroph Asexual reproduction
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blastula Radial symmetry brain coelom PRACTICE VOCAB:
A hollow ball of cells formed when a zygote undergoes repeated mitosis ________________________ In animals, the arrangement of body parts around a central axis ______________________ ganglia at the anterior end of the animal serve as a primitive __________________ Fluid filled body cavity that contains the internal organs blastula Radial symmetry brain coelom
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Type of symmetry seen in jellyfish in which dividing the animal in several directions can produce equal halves Asymmetry radial bilateral radial Images from:
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Acoelom coelom pseudocoelom Type of coelom in which
there is NO space and mesoderm fills the area between ectoderm ____________________ and endoderm Type of coelom in which mesoderm Is found lining the outside body wall and surrounding the gut __________________ lines the outside body wall but is NOT found around the gut ____________________ Acoelom coelom pseudocoelom
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Animals (like some worms) with a type of body in which there is NO body cavity. acoelomates This depression that forms in the side of a blastula when cells move inward is called a ______________. blastopore Image from:
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coelom mesoderm Germ layer ectoderm PRACTICE VOCAB:
Body cavity (space) formed within the mesoderm that surrounds the internal organs ____________________ Specific layer of cells in an embryo from which specific organ systems develop ____________________ Outside embryonic layer of cells that gives rise to outer layer of skin and nervous system __________________ Embryonic layer of cells that gives to muscles and to interior body linings __________________ coelom Germ layer ectoderm mesoderm
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cephalization blastopore Bilateral symmetry Segments PRACTICE VOCAB:
The concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in the anterior end of an animal ____________________ In animals the body plan where the left and right sides are mirror images of each other ____________________ Series of repeating similar units in coelomate animals __________________ Depression formed when the cells of a blastula move inward __________________ cephalization Bilateral symmetry Segments blastopore
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excretory excretory circulatory respiratory Body system for removing
nitrogen waste ____________________ Body system for transporting nutrients and oxygen around in body ____________________ Body system that exchanges gases with the environment __________________ Body system that maintains the balance of water/ions (osmoregulation) __________________ excretory circulatory respiratory excretory
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skeletal nervous digestive reproductive Body system for receiving info
about the environment and responding ________________ Body system for obtaining nutrients ____________________ Body system that produces offspring __________________ Body system that provides support and protection ______________________ __________________ nervous digestive reproductive skeletal
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skeletal endocrine integumentary Indeterminate radial cleavage
Body system that provides support and protection ______________________ Body system that makes hormones which control other body systems ________________ Body system that deals with what covers the animal __________________ Type of cleavage pattern in which dells stack on top of each other and decide later on what they will become ______________ skeletal endocrine integumentary Indeterminate radial cleavage
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skeletal endocrine integumentary Indeterminate radial cleavage
Body system that provides support and protection ______________________ Body system that makes hormones which control other body systems ________________ Body system that deals with what covers the animal __________________ Type of cleavage pattern in which dells stack on top of each other and decide later on what they will become ______________ skeletal endocrine integumentary Indeterminate radial cleavage
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exoskeleton Notochord dorsal nerve cord
PRACTICE VOCAB: A skeleton found on the outside of an animal’s body __________________ Digestive cavity with only one opening ____________________ State the four characteristics all chordates share at some point in development exoskeleton Gastrovascular cavity Notochord dorsal nerve cord Postanal tail Pharyngeal pouches
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State the 3 embryologic germ layers
Ectoderm Endoderm mesoderm State the body cavity for each description Coelomate Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate Have a true coelom No body cavity Body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm
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Match the origin with the primary tissue layer it developed from
Skeleton Urinary bladder Excretory organs Circulatory system Digestive organs Reproductive organs Sense organs Nervous system Muscles Liver skin mesoderm Endoderm mesoderm Endoderm Endoderm mesoderm ectoderm mesoderm ectoderm ectoderm mesoderm
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Sequences the stages of early embryonic development
Fertilization gastrulation begins Cleavage Blastula forms Diploid Zygote Differentiation begins Fertilization Diploid zygote Cleavage begins Blastula forms Gastrulation begins Differentiation
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Label the directions DORSAL ANTERIOR POSTERIOR VENTRAL
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The top surface or back of an animal is the _____________ side
The top surface or back of an animal is the _____________ side. Dorsal ventral anterior posterior dorsal
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NAME THE TYPE OF COELOM Acoelom Eucoelom Pseudocoelom
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A diagram that is used to show the evolutionary relationships thought to exist between organisms is based on a variety of evidence is called a _______________________ phylogenetic tree
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