1. Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates no backbone

2. What is an Animal? Heterotrophic Eukaryotic Multicellular
No Cell walls
Most move-mobile
Most do sexual reproduction
95% = invertebrates (no backbone) video
5% Vertebrates (backbone) video

4. Animals Vertebrates: have backbones Phylum Chordates
8 Different Phylums
Porifera (Sponges) - SIMPLEST
Cnidaria (Stinging Cells)
Platyhelmenthes (Flatworms)
Nematoda (Roundworms)
Annelida (Segmented worms)
Mollusca (soft-bodied animals)
Arthropoda (Jointed-leg) – 85% of all species because they include insects.
Echinodermata (Spiny-skin)
Vertebrates: have backbones
Phylum Chordates
Invertebrates: do not have a backbone

5. Seven Essential Functions of Animals
Feeding -
Respiration -
Circulation -
Excretion -
Response -
Movement -
Reproduction -

6. Feeding Herbivore - eat plants Carnivores - eat animals
Omnivore - eat plants and animals
Detritivore - Feed on decaying organic material
Filter Feeders - aquatic animals that strain food from water
Parasite - lives in or on another organism (symbiotic relationship)
1 way digestive tract – food and waste both enter and leave through same opening.
2 way digestive tract – mouth and anus.

7. Respiration Take in O2 and release Co2
Organs have a large surface area so gas exchange can take place.
Lungs – gas exchange
Gills – feathery structures exposed to water for gas exchange.
Diffusion through moist skin for gas exchange

8. Circulation
All cells require a constant supply of oxygen as well as remove metabolic waste.
Very small animals rely on diffusion.
Larger animals have a circulatory system
Blood is moved through 1 or more hearts.
Open or closed circulatory system.

9. Circulation Open circulatory system
Blood is only partially contained within a system of blood vessels.
Blood gets pumped into a system of sinuses or cavities.
Characteristic of Arthropods and Mollusks.
Closed circulatory system
Blood vessels extend throughout the body.

10. Response Receptor cells = respond to sound, light, external stimuli
Nerve cells (neurons) = nervous system
More complex animals have a concentration of nerve cells in the head.

11. Movement Most animals are mobile (can move)
Some are sessile – attached-no movement
Muscles usually work with a skeleton.
Endoskeleton – inside the body, provide support and protection.
Exoskeleton – hard, outside body covering made of chitin.

12. Reproduction Most reproduce sexually- genetic diversity
Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually - to increase their numbers quickly.
Binary fission video
Budding video
Fragmentation

13. Trends in Animal Evolution
Cell specialization and levels of organization increase with complexity.
Cells with specific tasks
Cells-> Tissues-> Organs->Organ Systems->Organism

14. The cells differentiate into three layers
Endoderm -
Mesoderm -
Ectoderm -

15. Body Symmetry The body plan of an animal - how the parts are arranged
Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges)
Radial symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish)
Bilateral symmetry - has a right and left side (humans, insects, cats) – mirror images

17. Bilateral symmetry
Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head)
The more complex, the more pronounced the cephalization
Anterior- toward the head
Posterior- toward the tail
Dorsal- back side
Ventral- belly side
Segmentation- advanced organisms have body segments and specialization of tissue