1. Chapter 34 Intro to Animals Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html

2. Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods

3. Animals Vertebrates- Animals with backbones Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

4. Animal Groups Image from: http://ology.amnh.org/biodiversity/treeoflife/pages/graph.html

5. Characteristics of ALL Animals: 1.Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles 2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms 3. Are ____________________ made of many cells 4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs EUKARYOTES HETEROTROPHIC MULTICELLULAR SPECIALIZATION

6. Characteristics of ALL Animals: 5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle) for food, find mates, escape danger 6.Contain _____________ which carries the genetic code 7. ____________________ Make offspring Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual) MOVE REPRODUCE DNA

7. 10 Body Systems : 1. _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING (fur, skin, scales, feathers) INTEGUMENTARY Covers and protects, ID, prevents heat & water loss Orangutan image from: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.php Fish image from:http://www.woodburning.com/fish/ Frog image from: http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~mmorley/rainbow/green%20frog.jpg Cardinal image from: http://www.nps.gov/fopu/pulaskione/GRAPHIC/IMAGES/birds/Northern%20Cardinal.jpg

8. 10 Body Systems : 2. _________________ Breaks down food to obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste DIGESTIVE Image from: http://infozone.imcpl.org/kids_diges.htm

9. NO OPENINGS: Food enters through skin

10. Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening Images from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif

11. Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS) Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif

12. Two openings: Most efficient If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization (Different parts can start to do different jobs) Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif

13. 10 Body Systems : 3. __________________ Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = _________ loose inside body spaces = _______ CIRCULATORY CLOSED OPEN Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif

14. 10 Body Systems : 4. ___________________ RESPIRATORY Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif Exchange gases with the environment take in oxygen get rid of waste gases (CO 2 &/or ammonia)

15. 10 Body Systems : 5. ___________________ Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance (_________________________) EXCRETORY OSMOREGULATION

16. NITROGEN WASTE : _________________ Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY Needs MOST water to dilute _________________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs less water to dilute than ammonia) _________________ LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to dilute) AMMONIA UREA URIC ACID

17. NITROGEN WASTE http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/nitrowaste.JPG

18. ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME! DIGESTIVE WASTE NITROGEN WASTE WHERE ITS MADE? Body system used? In what form? made by cells from break down of proteins Handled by excretory system ammonia, urea, or uric acid Feces (poop) left over from undigested food Handled by digestive system

19. 10 Body Systems : 6. ___________________ Framework to support body/protection Skeleton on inside = _______________ Skeleton on outside = _______________ SKELETAL ENDOSKELETON EXOSKELETON Walking skeleton image from: http://virtualastronaut.jsc.nasa.gov/textonly/act15/text-skeletonpuz.html Insect lefg image from:http://www.zoobooks.com/newFrontPage/animals/virtualZoo/animals/i/insects/images/exoskeleton.gif

20. 10 Body Systems : 7. _______________ Locomotion- move body itself OR move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels) MUSCULAR Image from: http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/muscles_noSW.html http://www.angliacampus.com/public/sec/science/nutriton/images/peristal.gif

21. 10 Body Systems : 8. _____________________ - Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________ REPRODUCTIVE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________

22. 10 Body Systems : ______________ DEVELOPMENT immature LARVA looks different than adult __________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults INDIRECT DIRECT Metamorphosis image from: http://www.lincoln.midcoast.com/~del/butterfly Frog image from: http://www.animationlibrary.co Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG

23. Sperm and egg join outside female’s body = ___________________ Sperm and egg join inside female’s body = ____________________ External fertilization Internal fertilization Animation from: http://discover.edventures.com/images/termlib/f/fertilization/support.gif

24. 9. ___________________ Receive sensory info about environment & send response signals NERVOUS http://www.roadhunter.com/~ceph/gallery/anatomy07.jpg

25. 10. __________________ Make hormones that regulate other body systems (only in higher animals) ENDOCRINE Image from: http://www.cushings-help.com/images/endocrine.jpg

26. Kinds of Symmetry No symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry

27. ___________________ No symmetry Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves. ASYMMETRY Image from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm

28. _______ Symmetry Get 2 identical halves in several directions. Radial Jelly fish image: http://www.redfishbluefish.com/BellaLuz/Jellyfish.jpg Image from: http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/ http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm

29. ___________ Symmetry If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images BUT only divides equally in ONE direction Bilateral Image from: http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Animals/Symmetry.htm

30. 3. EMBRYOLOGY Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml 1.Where does BLASTOPORE end up? 2.What do embryos look like as they divide? 3.When do cells decide what they will be?

31. Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Becomes digestive system

32. 1.Where does BLASTOPORE end up? Images modified from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

33. What do embryos look like as they divide? Images from: http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/so28_04.gif SPIRALRADIAL CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE

34. When do cells decide what they will become? Image from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg

35. Images modified from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg Cells decide earlyCells decide later Removing cell causes death Removing cell OK DETERMINATE INDETERMINATE

36. THAT’S WHERE TWINS COME FROM!

37. ANIMALS Blastopore becomes MOUTH Blastopore becomes ANUS Decide very early (DETERMINATE) Decide later (INDETERMINATE) ALL INVERTEBRATES except ECHINODERMS ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals) plus ECHINODERMS SPIRAL cleavage RADIAL cleavage PROTOSTOMES DEUTEROSTOMES

38. EMBRYOLOGY __________________ are the “exception to the rule”! They are INVERTEBRATES but their embryos act like _________________________ Echinoderms DEUTEROSTOMES Image from: http://www.bsac21.freeserve.co.uk/images/Critters/Starfish%20Bloody%20Henry.JPG

39. Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Becomes digestive system

40. All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their embryos Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Muscle, excretory, bones, circulatory Digestive system, respiratory Outer skin, brain, nervous system

41. Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) No cavity (space) around organs Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm ACOELOM = “without space”

42. FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

43. Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm PSEUDOCOELOM

44. ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!

45. Kinds of Coeloms (See-Lums) EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM

46. EUCOELOMATES ALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES ALL ANIMALS you will dissect this year are EUCOELOMATES!

47. 3 Types of Coeloms ectoderm mesoderm endoderm Image from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg ACOELOM PSEUDOCOELOM EUCOELOM

48. Advantages of having a COELOM (body space): In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells Provides space for internal organs

49. WHY is a EUCOELOM the best? Digestive organ muscles and body wall muscles come from MESODERM in different places so organism can digest food and move at same time. Images from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Images/Animal_Images/coelomate.gif

50. Which way is up? ANTERIOR head end POSTERIOR tail end DORSAL (top) VENTRAL (underneath) Image from: http://www.ca4h.org/4hresource/clipart/animals/pics/dog.gif

51. ________________ Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area) CEPHALIZATION

52. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things

53. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.1.2. Students are able to classify organisms using characteristics and evolutionary relationship of major taxa. (APPLICATION) Kingdoms Examples: animals, plants, fungi, protista, monera Phyla Examples: invertebrates, vertebrates, divisions of plants LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things

54. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.1.3. Students are able to identify structures and function relationships within major LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things

55. Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: predict the function of a given structure; predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems; High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: describe the relationship between structure and function explain how homeostasis is maintained within living systems; High school students performing at the BASIC level recognize that different structures perform different functions; define homeostasis

56. SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.1.5A. Students are able to classify organisms using characteristics and evolutionary relationships of domains. (SYNTHESIS) Examples: eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes

57. SOURCES Crab from: http://www.gifs.net Ant from: http://www.wildaboutbritain.co.uk Clam from: http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm Anemone from: http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/children/animals/cnidaria.gif Snail from: http://www.lucinda.net/surber/graphics/orlovsky.gif

58. Starfish from: http://www.gifs.net Millipede from: http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/sirrobhitch.suffolk/key/images/invertebrates/millipede.jpg Jellyfish from: http://www.aloha.com/~lifeguards/jellie75.jpg

59. Turtle: http://www.50birds.com/images/endttboxturtle.jpg Tree frog: http://www.dynamicearth.co.uk/education/images/tree_frog.jpg Bird: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm Orangutan: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.php Fish from: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/trimethylamine/fish.gif

60. Earthworm : http://www.york.ac.uk/org/ciec/CaringfortheEnvironment.29. 4.03/Exxon/Food%20Chain%20images/ExxonPicsLarge/Earthworms.jpg Crab from: http://www.animation-station.com/fish/index.php?page=2 Snail from: http://www.lucinda.net/surber/graphics/orlovsky.gif Starfish from: http://www.gifs.net

61. All images on this page from: http://www.seaworld.org/AnimalBytes/animal_bytes.html