2. Intro to Animals (EUMETAZOA) Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html

3. Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes spongesjellyfishflatworms roundworms Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinoderm mollusks multicellularity Ancestral Protist tissues bilateral symmetry body cavity segmentation Animal Evolution eucoelom starfishvertebrates endoskeleton segmented worms insects spiders backbone Diagram from slide show by Kim Foglia

4. Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods

5. Animals Vertebrates- Animals with backbones Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

6. LIFE ON EARTH Image from: http://ology.amnh.org/biodiversity/treeoflife/pages/graph.html

7. Characteristics of ALL Animals: 1.Eukaryotic 2. Heterotrophic 3.Multicellular/differentiated cells 4.Cells have NO cell walls 5. Movement 6. Reproduction (Most sexual)

8. Kinds of Symmetry Asymmetry Radial Bilateral Images from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/ http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Animals/Symmetry.htm

9. DORSAL POSTERIOR VENTRAL ANTERIOR Animation from: http://bestanimations.com

10. ________________ Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area) First seen in Platyhelminthes (flat worms) Associated with bilateral symmetry Efficient response to stimulus Sense organs encounter environment first CEPHALIZATION

11. EMBRYOLOGY Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml 1.Where does BLASTOPORE end up? 2.What do embryos look like as they divide? 3.When do cells decide what they will be?

12. Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Becomes digestive system

13. 1.Where does BLASTOPORE end up? Images modified from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

14. What do embryos look like as they divide? Images from: http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/so28_04.gif SPIRALRADIAL CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE

15. When do cells decide what they will become? Image from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg

16. Images modified from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg Cells decide early Cells decide later Removing cell causes death Removing cell OK DETERMINATE INDETERMINATE

17. THAT’S WHERE TWINS COME FROM ! DIZYGOTIC TWINS (Fraternal twins) DIFFERENT DNA MONOZYGOTIC TWINS (Maternal twins) Identical DNA ONLY Deuterostomes can have identical twins!

18. ANIMALS (Triploblastic) Blastopore becomes MOUTH Blastopore becomes ANUS Decide very early (DETERMINATE) Decide later (INDETERMINATE) MOST INVERTEBRATES except ECHINODERMS ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals) plus ECHINODERMS SPIRAL cleavage RADIAL cleavage PROTOSTOMES DEUTEROSTOMES

19. BODY PLAN INVERTEBRATES Dorsal heart Ventral nerve cord VERTEBRATES Ventral heart Dorsal nerve cord http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/biodidac/crus001and2b.gif/small.jpg

20. Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm GASTRULATION- cells move inward overlip of blastopore THREE germ layers form Becomes digestive system

21. All animals have 3 germ layers = TRIPLOBLASTIC Except: sponges, jellyfish, anemones = DIPLOBLASTIC Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Muscle, excretory, bones, circulatory Digestive system, respiratory Outer skin, brain, nervous system

22. Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) No cavity (space) around organs Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm ACOELOM = “without space”

23. FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

24. Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm PSEUDOCOELOM

25. ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!

26. Kinds of Coeloms (See-Lums) EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM

27. EUCOELOMATES ALL VERTEBRATES & MOST INVERTEBRATES

28. 3 Types of Coeloms ectoderm mesoderm endoderm Image from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg ACOELOM PSEUDOCOELOM EUCOELOM

29. FUNCTIONS of having a COELOM (body space): In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells Provides space/cushion internal organs

30. ADVANTAGE OF a EUCOELOM? Digestive organ muscles and body wall muscles come from MESODERM in different places so organism can digest food and move at same time. Images from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Images/Animal_Images/coelomate.gif

31. ECTOTHERMIC ADVANTAGES: Slow metabolism means you can survive on 1/10 the food as a same size endotherm DISADVANTAGES: Can’t to live in extremely cold places (NO reptiles in Arctic) Can’t keep up max activity level for long

32. Endothermic “warm-blooded” Create own body heat FAST metabolism allows for: high activity for extended time ability to live in variety of environments EX: Birds, Mammals

33. SOURCES Crab from: http://www.gifs.net Ant from: http://www.wildaboutbritain.co.uk Clam from: http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm Anemone from: http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/children/animals/cnidaria.gif Snail from: http://www.lucinda.net/surber/graphics/orlovsky.gif

34. Starfish from: http://www.gifs.net Millipede from: http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/sirrobhitch.suffolk/key/images/invertebrates/millipede.jpg Jellyfish from: http://www.aloha.com/~lifeguards/jellie75.jpg

35. Turtle: http://www.50birds.com/images/endttboxturtle.jpg Tree frog: http://www.dynamicearth.co.uk/education/images/tree_frog.jpg Bird: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm Orangutan: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.php Fish from: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/trimethylamine/fish.gif

36. Earthworm : http://www.york.ac.uk/org/ciec/CaringfortheEnvironment.29. 4.03/Exxon/Food%20Chain%20images/ExxonPicsLarge/Earthworms.jpg Crab from: http://www.animation-station.com/fish/index.php?page=2 Snail from: http://www.lucinda.net/surber/graphics/orlovsky.gif Starfish from: http://www.gifs.net

37. All images on this page from: http://www.seaworld.org/AnimalBytes/animal_bytes.html