P2X4R blockade increases pro‐inflammatory gene expression after EAE

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P2X4R blockade increases pro‐inflammatory gene expression after EAE P2X4R blockade increases pro‐inflammatory gene expression after EAE ANeurological score of EAE (n = 4) or TNP‐ATP‐treated EAE mice (n = 4) used for gene expression analysis. Mice were treated from the onset to the end of the experiment. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. and were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U‐test. *P < 0.05.BHeatmap showing significant changes in pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory mRNA expression in the spinal cord at the EAE recovery phase in the presence or absence of TNP‐ATP (n = 3). The expression levels of genes are presented using fold‐change values transformed to Log2 format compared to control. The Log2 (fold‐change values) and the color scale are shown at the bottom of the heatmap. Tables indicate statistical significance between control and EAE (*) and between EAE and EAE + TNP‐ATP (#). Data were analyzed by Student's t‐test.CHeatmap showing changes in pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory markers in FACS‐isolated microglia from control, EAE WT, and EAE P2X4−/− mice at the recovery phase (n = 2 in duplicate). Tables indicate statistical significance between control WT and EAE WT (*) and between EAE WT and EAE P2X4−/− (#). Data were analyzed by Student's t‐test.D, EiNOS (green) expression was increased in Iba1+ cells (red) in the spinal cord of P2X4−/− mice versus WT mice (D) and in TNP‐ATP‐treated mice versus non‐treated mice after EAE induction (E) (n = 3). Analysis was performed at the recovery phase of the EAE. Scale bar = 50 (D, top; E) and 25 (D, bottom) μm. Alazne Zabala et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2018;emmm.201708743 © as stated in the article, figure or figure legend