Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 01 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12)

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 02 CT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Lesson Plan Objectives: Characterize the physical, social and emotional changes that take place in adulthood. Identify and describe the changes that occur in health and life during old age. Identify and describe how people physically, mentally and socially adjust to old age.

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 03 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Lesson Plan Objectives: Identify and describe the five emotional stages encountered by individuals prior to dying. Identify and describe the elements and benefits of hospice care.

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 05 CT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Adulthood: “A full grown human/organism that has obtained both “legal age” and maturity” Early Adulthood: 20 – 30 years of age Middle Adulthood: 30 – 40 years of age Late Adulthood: 50 – 60 years of age

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 06 DQ Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Fig 5.1 How our bodies age

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 07 CTCT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Physical Changes - Change Theories: Breakdown theory of Aging: The human body ages as a result of the breakdown of cells over time and the body’s inability to repair/replace the cells due to normal wear & tear. Biological clock theory of Aging: The cells of a human body are genetically pre-programmed to divide and multiply a predetermined number of times. After the maximum number has been reached, the cells “die”.

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 08 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Aging Gracefully

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 09 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Assignment: Chapter 12 Worksheet Part 1: Answer the questions for assignment 12-1 using pages 274 – 280. Part 2: Answer the questions for assignment 12-2 using pages 280 – 284 Responses must completely and fully answer all parts of the question(s).

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Aging Information: 10 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Aging Information: Human body is at its physical peak between 18 – 30 years of age During the “peak” the body is strongest, healthiest & quickest reflexes Process of physical decline is slow and gradual

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 11 CTCT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Health Problems: Appearance Hair starts to thin & turn gray Skin starts to dry out, wrinkle and becomes inelastic Built up muscles & fat breaks down Stature begins to shrink Eyesight begins to fail, hard to focus on far & near objects (reading), difficulty seeing during darkness Gradual loss of ability to hear Gradual slowing of reaction times

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Life Style Choices Good health = Eating right, No smoking, No alcohol, Exercise & Limited emotional stress

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Marriage and Divorce 13 DQ Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Marriage and Divorce 90% of Adult in the US will marry 40% of marriages end in divorce Healthy marriages: have same number of arguments but argue constructively & focus on solutions

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Cognitive Changes 14 CT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Cognitive Changes Continued ability to acquire “new” knowledge Some decline in process speed Flexibility in “thinking processes” increases with experience Creativity peaks for: Scholarship, science & arts by 40 Humanities, literature & foreign languages by 60

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 16 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Social & Personality Development: An individual’s personality remains stable over the years 40 - 60 20 - 40

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 17 CT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12)

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Female Development: 18 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Female Development: Empty nest – depression from lack of purpose Fewer demands w/o raising children Return to previous careers, college, hobbies Raising grandchildren

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Old Age: Attitudes 19 CT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Old Age: Attitudes Many “younger” individuals regard old age as one step from the grave Popular media makes jokes about it Use of “senior citizen” or “golden agers” to describe Decremential Model of Aging – physical & mental decline with old aging General belief that old agers suffer poor health, live in poverty, frequent victims of crime, sit around and do nothing

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Changes in Health 20 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Changes in Health 1% decline in physical strength and senses each year 25% of individuals over 65 are obese 40% have one chronic disease (heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis)

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Changes in Health 21 CT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Changes in Health Major causes of death in old age: heart disease, cancer or stroke General quality of health care for old agers is poor than general population Lower socioeconomic class Lack of physicians willing to treat Long-term chronic conditions

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 22 CT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Changes in Life Situation: Adult transitions - Retirement & Widowhood By age 65, 50% of women & 20% of males lose spouses through death By age 80, 70% of women & 33% of males are alone Across the generations: 6-widows for every widower

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 23 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Changes in Life Situation: Adult transitions – Depression Due to life changes (aging, loss of spouse or friends) Symptoms: weight changes, feelings of worthlessness, extreme sadness, inability concentrate, thoughts of death or suicide

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Adjusting to Old Age 24 CT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Adjusting to Old Age When individuals are unable to maintain what they value (health, socialization, friends/family, leisure/work activities) self worth & quality of life suffers Assertive personalities are better able to cope (demand more) Support groups: AARP (American Association of Retired People)

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 25 CT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Changes in Metal Functioning “Fluid Intelligence” – ability to solve abstract relational problems decreases “Crystallized Intelligence” – ability to accumulate knowledge and learning continues Difficulty in retrieving information from memory Senile Dementia – forgetfulness, memory loss, disorientation, impaired thinking and attention, altered personality, difficulty in relation to others

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 27 CT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Alzheimer’s Disease: 4th leading cause of death in the US, approx. 4-million infected Neurological disease – gradual deterioration of cognitive functions Frequent forgetting, poor judgment, irritability Inability to comprehend simple questions, unable to recognize family or friends Weakened physical & mental state makes the individual vulnerable to other illnesses

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Death & Dying: 29 CT Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Death & Dying: Social issues – care for the dying, cultural issues, legal & medical issues (assisted suicide) Thanatology – Study of death & dying Dr. Elisabeth Küber-Ross: 5-Stages of psychological adjustment Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Hospice: 30 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Hospice: 1900 – average life span: approx. 50 years Individuals usually died at home 2000 – average life span: approx. 75 years Today many individuals die in hospitals or nursing homes

Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Hospice: 31 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) Hospice: Medical machines prolong life when the body is unable Hospice is designed to make the dying patient’s surroundings pleasant & comfortable Not to prolong life but to improve the quality of life remaining Use of drugs to ease discomfort and ease pain

Later Adulthood Erikson (age 65 and onward) Integrity versus despair Looks back over life as a whole: satisfying existence or merely staying alive Levinson devotes little to later years Life expectancy dramatically increased as have conceptions of old age many have healthy years after retirement Second careers and activism launched

Later Adulthood Causes of Aging Biological – human body deteriorates Psychological Happy or unhappy aging Social activity and slowed intellectual decline or disengagement and isolation Maintain healthy or unhealthy lifestyle Optimism linked to happier, healthier, longer life

Death and Dying: The Final Stage Kübler-Ross – five stages Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) 34 Psychology Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.12) The Years can be Golden Don’t Let Time Leave You Behind Tomorrow Is Just Around The Corner END