1. Adulthood

2. Physical changes Aging=normal wear and tear of cells
Present biological clock
Physical peak between 18-30
Appearances change
Hair loss
Skin is dry and inelastic
Wrinkles
Shorter
Senses
40’s difficulty seeing distant object
Gradual or sudden loss of hearing
Reaction time slows

3. Health problems Three most common causes of death
Heart disease
Cancer
Corrhosis of the liver
Causes of early morbidity
Drug use
Inadequate diet
Effects of violence-society

4. Menopause Between ages of 45-50
Biological event in which a woman’s production of sex hormones is sharply reduced
Stops ovulating, can’t conceive children
Side effects exagerated

5. Marriage and divorce 40-60 percent of marriages end in divorce
What makes marriages last
How couples handle conflicts
How often couples share intimate moments
Happily married argue just as much but argue more constructively
Unhealthy ways of conflict include ignoring, denying conflict, exaggerating issues

6. Cognitive changes
People continue to expand vocaularies, think flexibly
True if…
Had higher education
Live in a stimulating environment
Work in an intellectually challenging environment
Reach peak at 40’s science or the arts
Reach peak at 60’s in history,, foreign languages

7. Social and personality development
Individuals character is stable over time
Personality is flexible
Self haters, passive, confident

8. Levinson’s Theory of Male development
Entering the adult world
22-28-not fully established as a man but no longer and adolescent
Conflict between need to explore the options of adulthood and need to establish a stable life structure
The Age-Thirty crisis major transitional period
Reconsider choices we made, must make changes now before its too late

9. Levinson continued Settling down-Made firm choices about life
Carving out a niche
BOOM phase
Become fully independent
The middle transition-40-45
Midlife transition begins
Questions life “what have I accomplished?”
Generativity-the desire, in middle age, to use ones accumulated wisdom to guide future generations.
Stagnation-discontinuation of development and a desire to recapture the past

10. Levinson Continued Middle adulthood-late 40’s True adulthood achieved
If finds satisfactory solutions to problems
Balance between privacy and friends
Didn’t find solutions
Frsutration and unhappiness
stagnation

11. Female Development Less conflict in midlife More personal freedom
Reenter workforce, going back to college
Time of opportunity
Research does not support existence of midlife crisis in women

12. Females continued Empty nest syndrome Depression in midlife
Last child leaving home
Not necessarily traumatic
Reorganize lives and take new interests
Transition depends on marriage
Depression in midlife
Most common among middle aged women
Sense of loss and personal worthlessness
View themselves as child bears then useless

13. Old Age Fear of growing old…. Attitudes toward aging
Decremental model of aging
Idea that progressive physical and mental decline are inevitable with age
Physical and mental decline is inevitable
Ageism
Prejudice or discrimination against the elderly
Stereotypes
They do nothing, poor health, live in poverty, senile

14. Changes in health Physical strength and senses decline 1%/year
Good health carries on throughout life
40% of elderly have one chronic disease
Heart disease
Hypertension
Diabetes
Arthritis
Causes of death
Cancer
Strokes
Poor health care

15. Changes in Life Situations
Transitions in late adulthood are negative
Retirement, widowhood
Depression
Loss, life challenges, health
Symptoms
Weight changes, feelings of worthlessness, sadness, inability to concentrate, thoughts of death or suicide
Causes
Genetic, unhealthy lifestyle, poor nutrition, loneliness, stress

16. Adjusting to old age Loss of control over environment
Self-image and quality of life suffers
Physical and external circumstances
Health, loss of a spouse

17. Changes in mental functioning
Physical health, vision, hearing, coordination impact scores on intellectual tests
Two types of intelligence
Crystalized
Ability o use accumulated knowledge in appropriate situations
Fluid
Solve abstract relational problems
Fluid intelligence declines as nervous systems declines

18. Senile Dementia Senile Dementia
Decreases in mental abilities experienced by some people in old age
Alzheimers disease-most common form
Condition that destroys a persons ability to think, remember, relate to others and care for themselves
Neurological disease marked by deterioration of cognitive functioning.
Early signs
Forgetting, poor judgment, irritability, social withdrawal

19. Dying and death Adjusting to death Thanatology
Study of dying and death
5 stages of psychological adjustment
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
accept

20. Hospice