Solution Concentration

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Presentation transcript:

Solution Concentration

Calculations of Solution Concentration Mole fraction – the ratio of moles of solute to total moles of solution

Calculations of Solution Concentration: Molarity Molarity is the ratio of moles of solute to liters of solution

Preparation of Molar Solutions Problem: How many grams of sodium chloride are needed to prepare 1.50 liters of 0.500 M NaCl solution? Step #1: Ask “How Much?” (What volume to prepare?) Step #2: Ask “How Strong?” (What molarity?) Step #3: Ask “What does it weigh?” (Molar mass is?) 1.500 L 0.500 mol 58.44 g = 43.8 g 1 L 1 mol

Serial Dilution Problem: What volume of stock (11.6 M) hydrochloric acid is needed to prepare 250. mL of 3.0 M HCl solution? MstockVstock = MdiluteVdilute (11.6 M)(x Liters) = (3.0 M)(0.250 Liters) x Liters = (3.0 M)(0.250 Liters) 11.6 M = 0.065 L