The Scientific Revolution V.Oliver Global II

V.Oliver Global II

The Roots of Modern Science Phase 1 Pre-1500s, people looked to the ancient Greek or Roman authors or the Bible for answers Few European scholars questioned their answers V.Oliver Global II

The Medieval View Phase 1 People believed that the earth was an unmoving object at the center of the universe This idea is called geo-centric view Geo= earth centric=center V.Oliver Global II

The Geocentric View of the universe V.Oliver Global II

Scientific Revolution A New Way of Thinking Mid 1500s, European scholars published work that challenged the old ideas This era is called the Scientific Revolution Ideas are based upon careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs V.Oliver Global II

Causes of the Scientific Revolution began during the Renaissance and continued through the 17th and 18th centuries. Causes of the Scientific Revolution V.Oliver Global II

Middle Ages Scholars translated works by Muslim scholars Medieval universities added courses in astronomy, physics, and mathematics V.Oliver Global II

Renaissance Scholars uncovered many classical (Greek and Roman) manuscripts European explorers traveled to Africa, Asia, and the Americas Opened the Europeans ideas that there could be new truths to be found Invention of the printing press helped spread challenging ideas V.Oliver Global II

The Scientific Revolution It was a movement that rejected traditional authority and church teachings in favor of scientific reasoning. A new scientific method was developed. V.Oliver Global II

Scientists wanted to know why it rained not simply that God willed it to rain. V.Oliver Global II

Nicholaus Copernicus Studies the old Greek belief that the sun was the center of the universe Heliocentric helio= sun centric= centered Observed the planets for 25 years and proved the planets and stars revolve around the sun V.Oliver Global II

V.Oliver Global II

Created a foundation for other work Still did not completely explain why this worked the planets orbited the way they did Feared ridicule from the clergy, or church Published his findings in 1543 (last year of his life) in the book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies Created a foundation for other work V.Oliver Global II

Johannes Kepler Followed Copernicus Founded mathematical laws that govern planetary motion Planets orbit the sun in elliptical patterns V.Oliver Global II

Galileo Galilei Galileo was an Italian scientist. He supported Copernicus. Copernicus believed that the planets traveled around the sun. Galileo built a telescope to prove it. V.Oliver Global II

Galileo Galilei A Pendulum swings at a constant rate Falling objects fall at a fixed and predictable rate Built a telescope Observed that Jupiter has four moons, and the Sun has dark spots V.Oliver Global II

Officials of the Roman Catholic Church were furious with Galileo. They supported a geocentric view or the belief that the planets revolved around the Earth. V.Oliver Global II

V.Oliver Global II

Conflict with the Church Galileo’s findings went against the church’s teachings: Upsetting both Catholic and Protestant leaders If people began to challenge church authority, other ideas would be questioned also Galileo was forced to say his confession Lived under house arrest for the remainder of his life V.Oliver Global II

Francis Bacon Believed that scientists should experiment Developed the Scientific Method Lead people to a better understanding of the natural world V.Oliver Global II

V.Oliver Global II

Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton was the most influential scientist of the Scientific Revolution. Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity. Gravity explains the movement of the planets and how objects fall on the earth. V.Oliver Global II

Isaac Newton Brought together all ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo Law of Universal Gravitation Three Laws of Motion V.Oliver Global II

If the universe was like a mechanical clock, it could be studied and observed and its workings figured out. V.Oliver Global II

Speaker box: On the back of your notes answer the following questions in complete sentences. “If I have seen farther than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants.” Isaac Newton Who were the giants Newton was referring to? Could this be said of any scientific accomplishment? V.Oliver Global II

Questions for Reflection: What was the Scientific Revolution? Why did scientists during the Scientific Revolution sometimes come into conflict with Church officials? Describe the scientific method. Who was Galileo Galilei and what did he believe? Why did Sir Isaac Newton’s discovery of gravity raise scientists’ hopes? V.Oliver Global II

V.Oliver Global II