CHARLEMAGNE UNITES GERMANIC KINGDOMS THE MIDDLE AGES 500 AD-1500 AD CHARLEMAGNE UNITES GERMANIC KINGDOMS

INVASION OF WESTERN EUROPE Germanic invaders overrun western half of Roman Empire Disruption of trade Downfall of Cities Population Shifts

Loss of Learning and Language German invaders could not read/write. Only priests and church officials literate. Latin changed with mixing of German and Roman peoples. French, Spanish, other Roman-based languages evolve from Latin. Various languages show the different regions of the once unified Roman Empire

German Kingdoms Replaced Roman provinces Germanic peoples lived in small communities governed by unwritten rules and traditions Loyalty and family ties held German society together Pledge loyalty to their chief He provides food, weapons, treasure They fought to the death for their chief

Clovis Leader of the Franks Brought Christianity to the region Prayed to the Christian God (like Constantine) 511 AD- had united the Franks Was Baptized by St. Remigius along with 3000 of his warriors.

Christianity spreads Fear of attacks by Muslims spurred many to become Christians Monasteries-religious communities Opened schools, libraries Pope expands church role- No longer just spiritual, but secular (worldly) Became involved politically

Charles the Hammer Defeated Muslim raiders at Battle of Tours in 732 AD Stopped the Muslim expansion into Europe Became a Christian hero Son Pepin the Short fought for the Church Began the Carolingian Dynasty

Charlemagne Charles the Great- known as Charlemagne- son of Pepin Spread Christianity throughout Europe Reunited Western Europe since downfall of Roman Empire Crowned emperor by the pope in 800 AD

Charlemagne’s Heirs Crowned his son Louis the Pious Louis’ sons- Lothair, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German Treaty of Verdun- broke the kingdom into 3 parts Began a system known as feudalism

The Holy Roman Empire Otto the Great, a German ruler, combined Italian states with German states to create the Holy Roman Empire in 962

Emperor vs. Pope The Pope resented the Emperor for using lay investiture Practice of kings and nobles appoint church officials Question: Why was the Pope displeased with this practice? The church eventually banned lay investitures New compromise- Church could appoint bishops, but emperor could veto the appointment

Frederick I Known as Barbarossa for his red beard First to call his lands the Holy Roman Empire He made peace with the Pope in 1190 Would later help with the Crusades

Powerful Church The Church wanted to influence both spiritual and political matters Church had a structure Pope Clergy Bishops Priests

Sacraments Clergy administered the sacraments, or religious ceremonies Baptism Gatherings were social especially religious holidays

Church Rules Just like societies, the Church had rules that all people were subject to Known as canon law Matters such as marriage and religious practices Question: How is this set of laws different from the 12 Tables or Justinian’s Code?

Ticket out the door Use your foldables to complete the handout on England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire.