Standard 4- Metabolism (Cellular Respiration) Biology1

The overall photosynthesis process: CO2 + H2O + light energy ---> C6H12O6 + O2 Light Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle) Light Dependent Reaction Reactants (what we used): H2O (Water) Light Energy (Sun) Products (what we gained): ATP (energy) NADPH (electron carrier) 02 (Oxygen) Reactants (What we used): ATP and NADPH (forms of energy) C02 (Carbon Dioxide) Products (What we gained): Sugars (glucose)

Review Photosynthesis: What are the environmental factors that affect the rate of Photosynthesis? Temperature Water Light

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration relationship

Cellular Respiration Video

Overview of cellular respiration

What is Cellular Respiration? Cellular Respiration is a process where cells transfer the stored energy in glucose into energy that can be released in ATP.

There are TWO types: Type 1. Aerobic Respiration (with oxygen- it’s A LOT more efficient) Type 2. Anaerobic Respiration (without oxygen)

Type 1. Aerobic Respiration 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ______ +_______ _______ +_______ + _____

Type 1: Aerobic Respiration Respiration in the presence of O2 Glycolysis- breaks down glucose (in the cytoplasm) Kreb’s Cycle- continues to break down pyruvate (in the mitochondria)- produces CO2 Electron Transport Chain- uses O2 to help make the majority of ATP and water (also in mitochondria) 2 ATP

Where does Cellular Respiration Take Place?

Overview of cellular respiration

Glycolysis METABOLIC PATHWAY 2 Pyruvic acid Glucose

Electron Transport Chain

Adding Up the ATP Cytosol Mitochondrion Glycolysis 2 Acetyl- CoA 2 Pyruvic acid Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Glucose Maximum per glucose: by direct synthesis by ATP synthase by direct synthesis Figure 6.14

Type 2: Anaerobic Respiration Respiration in the Absence of O2 LESS efficient than aerobic respiration Glycolysis is the first step! Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic Acid is a by product Lactic acid build-up causes muscle soreness Produces 2 ATP OR Ethanol Fermentation Done by yeast and some bacteria By products are CO2 and ethanol Used for baking and brewing/winemaking

Alcoholic fermentation 2 ADP+ 2 2 CO2 released 2 ATP Glycolysis 2 NAD 2 NAD Glucose 2 Ethyl alcohol 2 Pyruvic acid + 2 H Alcoholic fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation 2 ADP+ 2 Glycolysis 2 NAD 2 NAD Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid + 2 H 2 Lactic acid Lactic acid fermentation

Reactants and Products of Aerobic Cellular Respiration 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ______ +_______ _______ +_______ + _____

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration relationship

Review Time! What are the two types of cellular respiration? Which type is MORE efficient? How much ATP does aerobic respiration make? How much ATP does anaerobic respiration make? What are the REACTANTS of aerobic cellular respiration? What are the PRODUCTS of aerobic cellular respiration? Explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis make a cycle.