1. Cellular Respiration

2. 
Respiration
AND
Respiration – the biochemical process that makes ATP from glucose
Occurs in both autotrophs and heterotrophs.

3. 
Respiration
There are two types of respiration, AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC.
Aerobic respiration requires OXYGEN to release energy.
The chemical equation for aerobic respiration is:
C6H O2  6H2O + 6CO ATP
Glucose Oxygen Water Carbon Dioxide Energy

4. 
Respiration
Anaerobic respiration DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN. (Also called FERMENTATION)
Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration begin with the same process, glycolysis.

5. C6H12O6 + 2 ATP  2 Pyruvic acid + 4 ATP
Glycolysis
Occurs in CYTOPLASM
Means “split the sugar,”
The chemical equation for glycolysis is:
C6H12O6 + 2 ATP  2 Pyruvic acid + 4 ATP

6. 
Glycolysis
Glucose molecules are broken down into 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate) molecules
Two ATP molecules are used and four ATP molecules are created resulting in a net gain of two ATP.
Following glycolysis, the pyruvic acid molecules can follow two paths: aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration.

7. 
Glycolysis 2
Glucose
Glycolysis

8. Aerobic Respiration  Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA
Pyruvic acid molecules are converted to Acetyl-CoA molecules.
Acetyl-CoA broken down into H+, CO2, and ATP
Krebs Cycle
The H+ ions bond to carrier molecules, NAD+ and FAD to make NADH and FADH2.

9. 
Aerobic Respiration
NADH and FADH2 go through a series of step reactions – the electron transport chain – to produce ATP.

10. 
Aerobic Respiration
Each cycle produces 10 NADH molecules, 2 FADH2 molecules and 2 ATP.
1 NADH = 3 ATP
1 FADH2 = 2 ATP
The end product of aerobic respiration is the production of 36 ATP MOLECULES.

11. Aerobic Respiration  2 36 Glucose Glycolysis Glucose Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport

12. Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Occurs in the CYTOPLASM.
Occurs in the absence of oxygen

13. Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Lactic acid Fermentation- converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid and CO2
Lactic acid can build up in muscles when they run out of oxygen and causes muscle soreness
Alcoholic fermentation- converts pyruvic acid to ethanol and CO2
Process used to make wine, beer, cheese, and bread
Both processes result in the production of only 2 ATP MOLECULES.

14. Factors Affecting Respiration:
Factors Affecting Respiration:
ATP concentration - the more ATP molecules available, the slower the rate of respiration.

15. Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Glucose
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport 2 36
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid