Organic Chemistry Introduction.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 8 – Compounds of Carbon
Advertisements

Organic Chemistry  Organic chemistry is the study of carbon containing compounds derived from living organisms.
Organic Review.
Hydrocarbons: contain carbon and hydrogen Alkanes contain only single bonds Alkenes contain at least one double bond Alkynes contain at least one triple.
Topic: Alkanes Do Now: Draw the possible bonds a single carbon atom can have if it has a bonding capacity of 4.
Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry in which carbon compounds are studied.
Organic chemistry.
Chemistry Chapter 6 Bonding Electronegativity - an atom’s attraction for electrons when bound to another atom.
Organic Chemistry Topic – bonds HONC.
Aim: How can we name and draw hydrocarbons?
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Double and Triple bonds between Carbons.
1 The Structure of Matter Chapter 5. 2 Compounds  Compounds are made from two or more elements.  The compound has properties that are different from.
Yeah, it is the last unit! Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry involves the study of Carbon based compounds Organic Chemistry involves the study of Carbon.
Organic Chemistry Topic – bonds HONC.
Organic Chemistry Topic 10.1 CHONCCHONC bonds.
Organic Chemistry. Carbon Review Electron Configuration of Carbon: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 Valence Electrons: 4 Shape around a Carbon with all Single Bonds: Lewis.
Carbon Chemistry.
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry involves the study of carbon based compounds Organic Chemistry involves the study of carbon based compounds Almost.
Alkanes. Hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds.
Alkanes. Carbon has 4 bonding electrons Carbon can bond to itself in chains or rings.
Organic Chemistry …oh what fun…. Organic Chemistry  What does it mean to be organic?  To be an organic compound means that you contain carbon … that’s.
 Organic molecules contain both carbon and hydrogen. Though many organic chemicals also contain other elements, it is the carbon-hydrogen bond that defines.
Hydrocarbons / Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation.
Organic Chemistry Topic 10.
What is the difference between them?
Nomenclature: Alkanes
Lesson 1: Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry The study of the structure, reaction, and synthesis of compounds that consist mostly of carbon and hydrogen Organic compounds can contain.
Organic Chemistry Topic 10.
Organic Chemistry Review
Unit 2 Summery Nature’s Chemistry
Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the study of carbon containing compounds derived from living organisms.
Lesson 1: Organic Chemistry
Naming Hydrocarbons.
Naming Hydrocarbons (nomenclature)
An Intro to Organic Chemistry
Chapter 10.1: Organic chemistry Fundamentals
Organic Chemistry.
NAMING Organic Chemistry
Intro to organic chemistry
1.2 Hydrocarbons Naming Alkanes.
Chapt 21 Hydrocarbons [Selected]
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
Carbon Compounds-Hydrocarbons
The following slides should help you with your revision, but should not be your only form of revision. Remember to use your notes, a textbook, websites.
Organic Chemistry Topics 10 & 20 PART 1: Naming Organic Compounds.
Chapter 24 Organic Chemistry
The basis for organic chemistry
The basis for organic chemistry
Brief! Organic Chemistry for AP
Topics 10 & 20 Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry.
Alkanes.
Intro to organic chemistry (orgo)
Organic Chemistry An Introduction.
The basis for organic chemistry
The Chemistry of Carbon A very brief introduction
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
Nomenclature: Alkanes
Introduction to Hydrocarbons Alkanes
Notes #2: Hydrocarbons WCHS Chemistry.
Ch 1 Activity 9: Organic Substances
Organic Chemistry.
Brief! Organic Chemistry for AP
Access to Science: Chemistry
Organic Chemistry.
Organic Chemistry Chapter 22.
Jeff Venables Northwestern High School
Please collect the second set of notes from the front of the room
Structure of aliphatic hydrocarbons
Presentation transcript:

Organic Chemistry Introduction

1) is the chemistry of carbon, the compounds it makes and the reactions it undergoes.

2) based on the way carbon bonds – carbon has a tetrahedral electron arrangement It wants four pairs of electrons around it and can achieve this through

2) based on the way carbon bonds – carbon has a tetrahedral electron arrangement It wants four pairs of electrons around it and can achieve this through 4 single bonds, sp3 hybridization, giving a tetrahedral shape

2) based on the way carbon bonds – carbon has a tetrahedral electron arrangement It wants four pairs of electrons around it and can achieve this through 4 single bonds, sp3 hybridization, giving a tetrahedral shape 1 double bond and 2 single bonds, sp2 hybridization giving it a trigonal planar shape

2) based on the way carbon bonds – carbon has a tetrahedral electron arrangement It wants four pairs of electrons around it and can achieve this through 4 single bonds, sp3 hybridization, giving a tetrahedral shape 1 double bond and 2 single bonds, sp2 hybridization giving it a trigonal planar shape 2 double bonds, sp hybridization, giving it a linear shape

2) based on the way carbon bonds – carbon has a tetrahedral electron arrangement It wants four pairs of electrons around it and can achieve this through 4 single bonds, sp3 hybridization, giving a tetrahedral shape 1 double bond and 2 single bonds, sp2 hybridization giving it a trigonal planar shape 2 double bonds, sp hybridization, giving it a linear shape 1 triple bond and 1 single, sp hybridization, giving it a linear shape

3) carbon most often bonds to the following Hydrogen – makes 1 bond Oxygen – makes 2 bonds Nitrogen – makes 3 bonds Sulfur – makes 2 bonds

4) When determining organic formulas – follow the rules above so that you don’t have to worry about counting electrons to determine the Lewis structure

Homologous Series Families of compounds into which organic compounds are organized Successive members differ by a –CH2 group Example: Alkanes below

Homologous Series of Alcohols

How to read organic formulas-p 369 1) C2H5 – empirical formula, gives only the ratio of elements

How to read organic formulas- p 369 C2H5 – empirical formula, gives only the ratio of elements C4H10 – molecular formula, gives only the number of atoms in the molecule

How to read organic formulas- p 369 C2H5 – empirical formula, gives only the ratio of elements C4H10 – molecular formula, gives only the number of atoms in the molecule CH3CH2CH2CH3 – condensed structural formula

How to read organic formulas- p 369 C2H5 – empirical formula, gives only the ratio of elements C4H10 – molecular formula, gives only the number of atoms in the molecule CH3CH2CH2CH3 – condensed structural formula -full structural formula

Bond-Line Formula

Stereochemical Formula also known as the “Dash- Wedge-Line” Dashed line-Sticking behind slide Solid Line in plane with the slide Wedge Line-Coming out of slide

NAMING HYDROCARBONS

Naming Hydrocarbons Organic structures are named through a system of prefixes and suffixes. Prefix = number of carbon atoms Suffix = functional group. – ane = saturated carbon chain made only of C and H -ol=saturated carbon chain with an -OH functional group

# C Prefix Alkanes -ane Alkenes - ene Alcohols - anol 1 Meth- Methane Methene Methanol 2 Eth- Ethane Ethene Ethanol 3 Prop- Propane Propene Propanol 4 But- Butane Butene Butanol 5 Pent- Pentane Pentene Pentanol 6 Hex- Hexane Hexene Hexanol 7 Hept- Heptane Heptene Heptanol 8 Oct- Octane Octene Octanol 9 Non- Nonane Nonene Nonanol 10 Dec- Decane Decene Decanol

Naming Isomers An isomer is given molecular formula which can have many possible structures Two isomers for C4H10 are: butane 2-methyl propane

Branched Alkane Naming branched alkanes Name the longest carbon chain Name the substituent find number of carbons and add –yl ending Number the carbons so that substituent is lowest number possible Name: #-(substituent)(carbon chain) Note the following is not 4-methylpentane

What if there is more than one substituent? Same kind on same carbon Follow the steps as above but name (#,#)-(di)(substituent name)(carbon chain)

Different kind on same carbon Follow steps above but name substituents in alphabetical order and separate numbers (#)-(substituent)-(#)-(substituent)(carbon chain)

Different kind on different carbon Follow the steps above so that numbers of carbons are lowest number possible. The highest priority substituent should get the lowest number but with substituent groups that are the same functional group (alkanes, alcohols, etc) make numbers as low as possible. Put name of substituents in alphabetical order and separate numbers (#-substituent)- (#-substituent)(carbon chain)