1. 1 The Structure of Matter Chapter 5

2. 2 Compounds  Compounds are made from two or more elements.  The compound has properties that are different from those of the elements that make it.  Compounds always have the same chemical formula.

3. 3 Chemical Bonds  The attractive forces that hold different atoms or ions together in compounds are called chemical bonds.  A bond length gives the distance between the nuclei of the two bonded atoms.  Bond angles tell how these atoms are oriented in space.

4. 4 Structural Formulas  Structural formulas can show how the atoms are arranged in a compound.

5. 5 What do we call the force that holds atoms in a molecule together? 1. Atoms 2. Chemical bond 3. Nucleus 4. Valence electrons

6. 6 The properties of a compound are different than the properties of the elements that make up the compound. 1. True 2. False

7. 7 Types of Bonds  Ionic bonds are formed between oppositely charged ions.  Metallic bonds are formed between atom’s nucleus and a neighboring atom’s electrons.  Covalent bonds are made between atoms of nonmetals.

8. 8 Ionic Bond  Bond between a metal ion and a nonmetal ion.  The oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other.  Forms ionic solids.  High melting point.  Conduct electric current.

9. 9 Metallic Bond  Bond that occur between atoms of metal.  Compounds are malleable and ductile.  Conduct electricity & heat.  Mixed to form alloys.

10. 10 Covalent Bond  Bond formed between two nonmetals.  Share electrons.  Lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.  Covalent compounds are soft and squishy.  Covalent compounds tend to be more flammable than ionic compounds.

11. 11 Polyatomic Ions  Polyatomic ions are groups of covalently bonded atoms that have either lost or gained electrons.  The group of atoms act as a single ion.  Polyatomic ions are put in parenthesis when you need to have more than one in a ion. HCO 3 −

12. 12 Writing Chemical Formulas for Ionic Compounds  List the symbols for each ions.  Write the symbols for the ions with the cation first.  Find the least common multiple of the ions’ charges.  Write the chemical formula, indicating with subscripts how many of each ion are needed to make a neutral compound.

13. 13 Naming Covalent Compounds  Name the element that is farthest to the left on the periodic table.  Add a prefix if there is more than one atom.  Name the element that is farthest to the right on the periodic table and change the ending to an –ide.

14. 14 Writing Chemical Formulas for Covalent Compounds.  List the chemical symbols of the elements.  Add subscripts to indicate how many atoms of each element there is in a molecule of the compound. CO 2

15. 15 Empirical vs. Molecular Formulas  Empirical formula shows the smallest whole-number ratio of atoms that are in a compound.  Molecular formula tells how many atoms are in one molecule of the compound. C 6 H 12 O 6

16. 16 Organic Compound  Organic compound is a covalently bonded compound made of molecules.  Organic compounds contain carbon and most of the time hydrogen.  Carbon can form four covalent bonds.  Compounds made of only hydrogen & carbon atoms are called hydrocarbons.

17. 17 Types of Organic Compounds  Alkanes only have single covalent bonds.  Alkenes have double covalent bonds.  Alcohols have hydroxly or –OH group attached.

18. 18 Alkanes  Methane  Ethane  Propane  Butane  Pentane  Hexane  Heptane  Octane  Nonane  Decane

19. 19 Alkenes  Methene  Ethene  Propene  Butene  Pentene  Hexene  Heptene  Octene  Nonene  Decene

20. 20 Alcohols  Methanol  Ethanol  Propanol  Butanol  Pentanol  Hexanol  Heptanol  Octanol  Nonanol  Decanol

21. 21 Polymers  Polymers are large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers or small units.  Polymers can be natural or synthetic.  Polymers elasticity varies depending on the structure.

22. 22 Biochemical Compounds  Biochemical compounds are naturally occurring organic compounds that are very important to living things.  Type of biochemical compounds: Carbohydrates (simple sugars) Proteins (amino acids) Lipids (fatty acids)