The Rise of Rome Global Studies I

The Land and the People of Italy Rome located about 18 miles inland on the Tiber River, giving it access to the sea far enough inland to be safe from pirates built on seven hills, so it was easily defended situated where the Tiber could be easily crossed

The Land and the People of Italy Influences on Rome: Greeks Imitated their sculpture, architecture, literature, and alphabet learned how to grow olives and grapes from them Etruscans adopted their clothing—the toga and short cloak organization of the Roman army was also borrowed from them

The Roman Republic republic a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote Roman diplomacy granted Roman citizenship to conquered people allowed conquered people to run their own affairs as long as they followed Roman laws

The Roman Republic Excellent Military Practical in law and politics accomplished soldiers as they conquered, they built colonies built roads to move troops quickly Practical in law and politics Created laws as problems arose

The Roman State Two groups of citizens patricians - Rome’s wealthy landowners, who became Rome’s ruling class plebeians - second and larger group of Roman citizens, who were less wealthy landowners, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers

The Roman State Resentment between the classes Patricians did not treat the plebeians as equals. Plebeians could not hold government offices initially their children could not marry the children of the patricians

The Roman State Roman Government Patricians Plebeians Consuls (officer of the Roman Republic who ran the government and led the Roman army into battle) Council of the Plebs (after 471 BC) Praetors (officer of the Roman Republic who was in charge of civil law ) Tribunes (protected the plebeians) Senate (300 men who served for life) Consuls (from 4th century BC) Centuriate Assembly (elected officials and passed laws)

The Roman State Roman Law Twelve Tables Law of Nations Rome’s first code of laws Applied to Roman citizens only Law of Nations Applied to all people Innocent until proven guilty Due process – judge hears case and makes decision based on evidence

First Punic War Cause Results Romans sent an army to Sicily. Carthage thought Sicily was theirs and saw this as an act of war. Results Rome defeated Carthage Sicily became the first Roman province

Second Punic War Cause Results Hannibal, the greatest Carthaginian general, led a revolt against the Romans Results Rome crushed Hannibal at the Battle of Zama and the war ended Spain became a Roman province Rome became the dominant power in the Mediterranean

Review Write short explanations of how each of the following terms relates to this period in Roman history: Etruscans Greeks Consuls Praetors Plebeians Patricians Carthaginians