Items in a Series A series may consist of nouns, verbs, clauses, phrases, or sentences. Comma is always placed before coordinating conjunction in technical.

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Items in a Series A series may consist of nouns, verbs, clauses, phrases, or sentences. Comma is always placed before coordinating conjunction in technical writing. Ex 1: The coach recommended dribbling, shooting, and passing. Nouns in a series Ex 2: I must ensure that my room is clean, that my brother is home, and that the garbage has been emptied Clauses in a series Textual Clues: 3+ items; comma Coordinating Conjunction

Two or More Adjectives Adjectives are separated by commas when two adjectives modify the same word and do not modify each other. EX 1: Lucia is an intelligent, thoughtful student. Ex 2: I finally found a decent, affordable car. Textual Clues: comma between adjectives can be replaced with and.

Independent Clauses Separated by a comma when followed by one of the seven coordinating conjunctions. EX 1: Amy followed the recipe carefully, for she had never made paella before. EX 2: He was enraged, yet he was also jocular. Textual Clues: Two independent clauses and coordinating conjunction.

Non-Essential Clauses A clause is nonessential when it can be omitted from the sentences without changing the meaning of the sentence. EX 1: Annie, who was a vegetarian, was killed by a rhinoceros, an herbivore . EX 2: Ned, waiting for a train, got hit by lightening. Textual Clues: participle or relative pronoun.

Introductory Elements Precede the subject of the sentence. Prepositional: By the way, I will have gender reassignment surgery next week. Adverbial: When you are as old as I am, you will know that you can tune a piano but you can’t tune a fish. Participial: During the long ride home, I finished all my calculus.

Introductory Elements Textual Clues: First word is either a preposition, an adverbial conjunction, or a participle. Comma is placed directly in front of subject.

Interrupters Usually quite short and really do interrupt the sentence. Ex 1: You know, Carl, you forgot to buy a whole chicken. EX 2: Have you read Fup, a short novel about a family that owns a 20 pound mallard? Textual Clues: These are frequently short, and they do not use relative pronouns. These can also be omitted from sentence without changing meaning.

Conventional Uses Dates: Addresses: October 1, 2009 October 1, 2009, is not my birthday. Addresses: Grayling, MI Grayling, MI, is my home town. 1135 Old US 27 N, Grayling, MI, is the high school’s address.

Conventional Uses When a title follows a name. John Doe, Ph.D. Jane Doe, Ph.D., is a close friend who is dead, and whom I have never known. Addressing a letter and signing off. Dear John, Sincerely, Jane