1. Commas 1) Used to separate items in a series ie: He enjoys listening to The Killers, My Chemical Romance, and Mozart 2) To separate two or more adjectives preceding a noun I.E.: I walked down the long, narrow hallway worried that something was watching me.

2. Commas B 1) Used before a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet) when it joins independent clauses It helps to take notes, and it helps to pay attention in class.

3. Commas C 1) used to set off nonessential subordinate clauses and nonessential participial phrases NOTE: A nonessential (or nonrestrictive) clauses of Participial phrase contains information that is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence.

4. Commas C cont. 1) Subordinate clause: Lebron James, who is a basketball player, was accepted into the NBA 2) Nonessential Phrase Juan, hoping for a scholarship, works hard at school.

5. Commas D 1) Use comma after 'yes' or 'no' 2) Use a comma after a beginning phrase. 3) Use a comma after 2 or more introductory phrases or after a long introductory prepositional phrase 4) Use a comma after an introductory adverb clause.

6. Commas d cont. ~ yes, I want to graduate high school ~Hoping to trick the guards, Christopher threw a rock to distract their attention

7. Comma E 1) Use a comma to set off an expression that interrupts a sentence ie: Thomas Hardy, Poet Laureate, was a prominent English writer.

8. Commas G Use commas in certain conventional situations a) To separate items in dates and addresses b) After a salutation in a letter c) To offset a title such as Jr, Sr, or MD