1. Punctuation and Pronoun Usage Writing in CSD

2. Use a comma: After introductory element After introductory element To set off nonessential elements To set off nonessential elements Before the conjunction in a compound sentence Before the conjunction in a compound sentence Between coordinate adjectives Between coordinate adjectives Between all items in a series Between all items in a series (3 or more items)

3. Example of an essential element Children who have extreme sensitivity to noise and changes in routine may have autism. Children who have extreme sensitivity to noise and changes in routine may have autism.

4. Compound sentences Have two independent clauses (each could be a separate sentence) Have two independent clauses (each could be a separate sentence) Are joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) Are joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) Remember: FANBOYS Remember: FANBOYS

5. Example of a sentence with cumulative adjectives Three tall gray ships sailed into the harbor. Three tall gray ships sailed into the harbor. (the order of the adjectives cannot be changed: use no commas)

6. Serial comma Required by APA Required by APA Use when you have 3 or more items in a series Use when you have 3 or more items in a series Items can be single words, phrases, or even clauses Items can be single words, phrases, or even clauses

7. Comma Splices Occur when two independent clauses are joined with only a comma Occur when two independent clauses are joined with only a comma Considered a major grammatical error Considered a major grammatical error

8. Sara did a great job she was promoted.

9. Run-on or Fused Sentences Occur when 2 independent clauses are joined with no punctuation, no conjunction Occur when 2 independent clauses are joined with no punctuation, no conjunction Considered a major grammatical error Considered a major grammatical error

10. Pronouns Make pronouns agree with the nouns they refer to (number and gender) Make pronouns agree with the nouns they refer to (number and gender) Watch for the generic singular noun (treat as singular) Watch for the generic singular noun (treat as singular) Check subjective v. objective case Check subjective v. objective case