Economic & Social Revolutions Week 2-8 Global 2 Ms. Lyons

Agrarian Revolution Better farming techniques! Technology Effect: more food for developing countries! People live longer & have healthier babies

Industrial Revolution Started in 1750 in Great Britain Machines make more, faster CAUSES: Geography Natural resources- coal (power for machines) Island- harbors for trade Water- power for factories Capital from colonies Make money to invest in factories Technology Machines Population growth More workers

Factory System = Mass Production EFFECTS: Laissez-faire Growth of big business Growth of middle class URBANIZATION Working conditions 12-16 hour days Boring work (same thing all day) Dangerous machines Changing social roles Men worked at factories & women stayed home Poor kids worked to help families

Philosophies (-isms) Liberalism Conservatism Social Darwinism Gov’t should protect people’s rights (Adam Smith) Conservatism Keep same rich people in charge Social Darwinism “Survival of the fittest” Used for: businesses, racism, imperialism Social reformism John Stuart Mill – gov’t should help the poor (child labor) Socialism Utopian Socialism: all property & work is shared = no fighting Marxist Socialism: NEXT…

Communism vs. Capitalism Marxist Socialism Laissez faire Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels Communist Manifesto (1848) Gov’t controls prices Bourgeoisie vs. proletariat (poor workers) Proletariat will revolt There will be a classless society Adam Smith Wealth of Nations Prices based on supply & demand “Free trade”

Education & the Arts More education Taught to obey authority Romanticism (opposite of Enlightenment) Feeling NOT reason Against industrialization Realism Showed harsh lives, poverty Charles Dickens (famous author) Impressionism (opposite of realism) Type of painting Paris

Reform Laws Sadler Report Regulated factories in Great Britain Made child labor better Kids under 9 years old cannot work Kids under 18 years old = can only work low # of hours

Global Migration Ireland 1845 Potato crops failed Famine (many people starved) Came to the United States