1. New Thinking

2. Thomas Malthus An Essay on the Principle of Population
Population increasing faster than the food supply
Need war, disease, famine as population checks

4. Laissez - faire Government hands off in economy
Adam Smith – The Wealth of Nations
Free market would help everyone – prices would work themselves out base on S & D

5. David Ricardo
Economist who like Malthus believed there will always be poor
Wrote Iron Law of Wages – wages cover necessities
Individuals improve themselves through thrift, hard work, and few to no kids

6. Jeremy Bentham’s - Utilitarianism
Some government intervention
Definition - Greatest happiness for greatest number
Some government intervention that provides utility
Against punishing homosexuals

7. John Stuart Mill
Middle Class happiness should not come at expense of workers
Right to vote for men and women – protection
Government can intervene and stop business owners

8. Socialism Thought capitalism caused greater rift between rich and poor
People control means of production

9. Robert Owen - Utopia Industrialist – refused to use child labor
Set up socialist society in New Lanark, Scotland

10. Karl Marx
Marx and Engels wrote “The Communist Manifesto”

11. Communism Type of socialism No classes
Workers of the world would rise up
Has to have a revolution
Fight between the bourgeoisie (haves) and proletariat or working class (have nots)
Workers would take control of means of production

12. Beginning steps of Communism
Social democracy - tranistion from capitalism to socialism – Germany
Russian Revolution 1917
Occurred in Asia, Latin America, Africa

13. Problems of Communism Workers didn’t unite around the world
Nationalism stronger than class warfare
Prosperity never spread beyond the elite.

14. Communism spreads