Protestant Reformation 1517

Renaissance's effect People began to question their lives and authority

What had become the biggest authority figure of the Middle Ages?

Martin Luther- 1517 German monk Questioned Churches practices Sale of indulgences by Johann Tetzel building a church “ selling forgiveness for sins” Automatic trip to heaven in after-life

95 Theses Luther was so upset at church he decided to write down the 95 Theses (95 things church is doing wrong) and nails them to the church in Wittenberg (Germany)

How did this become such a big deal? effect of the printing press –spread ideas faster Opened people’s eyes to church malpractices

Martin Luther “Faith Alone” will save you All should read the Bible in their own vernacular (language) Priests do not have special powers Simplify the sacraments to baptism and communion Religious Education for all.

How will the church react? How will people react? How will the church react?

Church’s Reaction Want Martin Luther to recant (take back) what he said @ Diet of Worms Diet – group/assembly Worms is a place in Germany

Luther says NO. Hier stehe ich. Ich kann nicht anders. Gott helfe mir Luther says NO!!!!!!!!!! Hier stehe ich. Ich kann nicht anders. Gott helfe mir. Amen." ("Here I stand. I can do nothing else. God help me. Amen.") He is excommunicated from church and forced into hiding for the rest of his life

What is the results of Luther’s actions? Opened people’s eyes to corruption of the church soon others began to create new churches away from the Roman Catholic Church based on own beliefs– ex John Calvin-- Calvinism Ex. Protestant, Lutheran, Baptists, Puritans, Methodists, Calvinists, and so on.

John Calvin - Calvinism French lawyer - moved to religious community in Geneva, Switzerland “Faith Alone” saves you The Bible holds the truth Religious Education PREDESTINATION - God has already decided who is saved/condemned.

Calvinism Spreads to France, Germany, Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland Dutch Reformed, Scottish Presbyterians, American Baptists, Puritans, from this branch.

Henry VIII of England Wished to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn Pope refused to grant it Henry declares himself head of the Church of England in the “Act of Supremacy” 1534 In America we call this the Anglican Church

Act of Supremacy- 1534 The King is head of the church in England, not the Pope!!

Other Protestant Reformers Erasmus – Christian humanist Believed that people should use their reason to become better Christians. Wrote – Praise of Folly Attacked the wealth of the Church – to concerned with luxury.

Other Protestant Reformers William Tyndale English scholar – translated Bible into English Later arrested, and executed

The COUNTER-Reformation The Catholic Church Strikes Back!!

1545 Council of Trent Met over 17 years Determined what was heresy (against church teachings) Reaffirmed what was Church teachings Launched the Inquisition, and the Jesuits

The Council of Trent Ordered bishops and priests to follow strict rules of behavior. Set up seminaries – special schools to train priests. Also set out to win followers and to strengthen the spiritual life of Catholics.

The Society of Jesus Also known as Jesuits. Taught and preached in an effort to bring Protestants back to the Catholic faith. Very strict order. Founder: Ignatius of Loyala. He was a soldier whose life changed when he was wounded in battle. Decided he’d be a soldier for Jesus.

Major Success Clarified Catholic Church doctrine Groups like the Jesuits spread ideas The Catholic Church recognized that it needed reform Ended abuse of the Catholic Church Found a way to reform that didn’t require war

Remember: The Spanish Inquisition

IN SHORT, THE REFORMATION ENDED CHURCH UNITY IN WESTERN EUROPE