Chapter Two: Nouns and Cases First Declension

What is a noun???

What do nouns do in a sentence? Subject (subject predicate) Possessive Indirect object Direct object (Direct object predicate) Object of Preposition Direct Address

Example: Livy wrote moral history for Augustus from the founding of Rome.

In Latin each major grammatical function is called a ‘case’ The morphology is different for each case The morphology of a word will tell you what its grammatical function is

Six Main cases Nominative Subject Genitive Possessive Dative Indirect Object Accusative Direct Object Ablative By/ With/ From Vocative Direct Address

A ‘she-wolf’ raised Romulus and Remus in a cave A ‘she-wolf’ raised Romulus and Remus in a cave. Romulus and Remus were Royal twins. Romulus killed Remus with his bare hands. Rome opened its gates for criminals and exiles from other towns. The Romans stole the Sabine maidens from their families and married them.

Changing the morphology of a noun based on its case and number is called declining. To decline : Add case endings to the stem of a noun Ex: port- ae case ending ↑ stem

The different types of nouns are categorized by the way they decline, so they are called declensions There are five different declensions of nouns. They are called first declension, second declension…. Etc.

First Declension Endings: Singular Plural Nominative -a -ae Genitive -ārum Dative -īs Accusative -am -ās Ablative -ā Vocative

3 Basic Characteristics of a noun: Gender Number Case

Random: Article- definite, indefinite Stem of a noun & dictionary entry Oblique cases Vocative

Practice: Genitive Singular Ablative plural Accusative singular Nominative plural Genitive plural -ae -ārum -īs -ā