CURRENT STATUS AND ISSUES OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DOMAIN IN SRI LANKA Developing Technologies The Gateway to a Sustainable Energy Future CURRENT STATUS AND ISSUES OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DOMAIN IN SRI LANKA Thusitha Sugathapala Director General Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy 2nd September 2013

Content Sustainable Energy Domain National Energy Balance Electricity Sector Transport Sector Energy Resources Future Trends in Electricity Sector Energy Conservation & Management Key Challenges / Strengths Possibilities for TT and R&D

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DOMAIN The Pathway of Sri Lanka Developing Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency Improvements, Conservation and Management Less Energy Intensive Economy (Energy Modesty) A Pathway for Green Economy B C

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE Primary Energy Supply by Source

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE Primary Energy Supply by Source in 2011 Source ktoe % Biomass 4944.40 43.66 Petroleum 4914.80 43.39 Coal 324.00 2.86 Major Hydro 964.20 8.51 New Renewable Energy 178.40 1.58

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE Energy Consumption by Sector

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE Energy Consumption by Sector in 2011 Sector ktoe % Industry 2175.7 24.39 Transport 2459.7 27.57 Household, Commercial & Others 4284.9 48.00

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source in 2011 Household, Commercial & others Sector Industrial Sector Transport Sector

ELECTRICITY SECTOR Gird Electricity – An Overview in 2012 Installed Capacity Total Capacity 3,316 MW Hydro 1,357 MW CEB Thermal 854 MW PPP Thermal 784 MW NRE 321 MW Peak Demand 2,146 MW Electricity Generation Gross Generation: 11,800 GWh Hydro 23% Thermal-Oil 59% Thermal-Coal 12% NRE 6% Electrification Level of HHs Total 94% National Grid 92% Off-Grid 2% Grid Emission Factor In 2009: 0.6520 t-CO2/MWh In 2010: 0.6302 t-CO2/MWh In 2011: 0.7269 t-CO2/MWh New Renewable Energy Small Hydro Wind Biomass Solar Total No. MW 107 234.1 9 73.7 3 11.5 1.4 122 321

ELECTRICITY SECTOR Total Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant

ELECTRICITY SECTOR Gross Generation by Type of Power Plant

ELECTRICITY SECTOR Gross Generation by Type of Power Plant - 2011

ELECTRICITY SECTOR Consumption by Consumer Category

ELECTRICITY SECTOR Consumption by Consumer Category in 2011 Sector Annual Consumption GWh % Industry & Commercial - Large & medium 4,677 46.7 Industry & Commercial - Small 1,167 11.6 Religious 60 0.6 Domestic 3,980 39.7 Street Light 140 1.4 Total 10,024 100

ELECTRICITY SECTOR Consumption by Consumer Category in 2011 Other, mainly commercial buildings Packaging industry Mass media Garment industry Nonclassified government organization Defence Food industry (including farms and restaurants) Plastic, polythene, pvc Financial institutions Metal crushing Telecommunication Education Coconut estate and fiber products Wood products Hospitals Airport and sea ports Leather and Rubber, including rubber estates Non-classified industries Electricity generation and distribution Water pumping Dessicated coconut industry Supermarket chains Inland transport Property development and large scale building management Metal Industry (iron, aluminium etc) Chemical and mining Industries Hotel industry Cement, roofing materials, porcelain Recreation and sports Rice mills Tea industry

ELECTRICITY SECTOR System Load Profile

ELECTRICITY SECTOR Rural Electrification Solar Home Systems About 150,000 systems Hindered the progress due to lack of after-sale services Village Hydro About 280 plants catering for 7000 households About 30 villages received grid electricity Three pilot projects on feeding to national grid Pico Hydro About 2000 systems Small wind turbines About 20 plants of capacities 100 – 200 W Biomass (Dendro-Power) Biomass Gasifier – IC Engine technology Few plants installed but not very successful

Transport SECTOR Active Vehicle Fleet - Estimates

Transport SECTOR Active Vehicle Fleet - 2011 Modal Share Vehicle Category Number % Motor Cycles 1,762,195 52.6 Motor Cars 329,977 9.9 Three Wheelers 565,362 16.9 Dual Purpose 210,313 6.3 Buses 33,245 1.0 Lorries 213,939 6.4 Land Vehicles 234,053 7.0 Total 3,349,084 100.0 Modal Share (% Passenger km)

ENERGY RESOURCES Main Categories Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels  Global resources Renewable (RE) Resources  Indigenous resources Fossil Fuels Petroleum Oil Furnace Oil Diesel Kerosene / Aviation Oil Petrol Naphtha LPG Coal Refined from Imported Crude Oil/ Importation of Refined Oil

ENERGY RESOURCES RE Resources NRE Resources Conventional RE Resources New Renewable Energy (NRE) Resources Conventional Biomass  Thermal Energy Large Hydro  Grid Electricity NRE Resources Small Hydro Wind Solar Modern Biomass Biofuels Geothermal Ocean Thermal/ Wave/ Tidal Already being harnessed Yet to be harnessed

ENERGY RESOURCES Solar Resource Map Spatial distribution of annual average Global Horizontal Irradiation (kWh/m2/year)

ENERGY RESOURCES Wind Resource Map Spatial distribution of annual average Wind Speeds (m/s) Mannar Region

ENERGY RESOURCES Small Hydro Resource Map Low Medium High

ENERGY RESOURCES Biomass Biomass potential from dedicated plantation Scrub Land Availability of Land Intercropping / under-cropping with other plantations: Coconut, Tea Homeland (Out growers) Land for dedicated plantation Scrub land Sparsely used cropland More than 1 million ha 10 - 20 dry tons/ha/yr

ENERGY RESOURCES Biomass Biomass potential from dedicated plantation: Declaration of “Gliricidia” as 4th plantation crop, Sustainable plantation concepts for not only monoculture farming but also intercropping / under-cropping in agricultural lands.

ENERGY RESOURCES Geothermal Local resource potential Ten sites have been identified in preliminary studies Detailed studies are yet to be carried out

ENERGY RESOURCES Sea Wave Technologies Potential in Sri Lanka Yet to be commercialized Potential in Sri Lanka Total potential - 2000 MW Potential HEZ - 200 MW High Energy Zone Moderate Energy Zone Low Energy Zone

FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR Sri Lanka Energy Demand – Projections Electricity Year Installed Capacity (MW) Small Hydro Wind Biomass Solar Total 2015 350 230 40 30 650 2020 400 140 160 1100

FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR CEB Generation Plan – Base Case Energy Mix (without NRE)

FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR NRE Road Map No District Biomass Solar Wind Hydro Total 1 Ampara 30 2 Anuradhapura 15 47 3 Badulla 60 61 136 4 Batticaloa 5 Colombo 40 6 Galle 12 27 7 Gampha 8 Hambantota 100 176 9 Jaffna 10 Kalutara 33 11 Kandy 80 125 Kegalle 94 13 Kilinochchi 105 14 Kurunegala Mannar 260 16 Matale 38 68 17 Matara 28 18 Monaragala 51 19 Mullaittivu 45 20 Nuwara Eliya 133 193 21 Polonnaruwa 53 22 Puttalam 275 23 Ratnapura 151 181 24 Trincomalee 25 Vavuniya    Total 360 250 1010 602 2222

FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR NRE Road Map Progress as at 15th August 2013) 334 MW, 7% Grid-electricity generation Technology Status Small Hydro Wind Biomass Solar Total No. MW Commissioned 118 243.2 9 73.0 4 16.5 3 1.4 134 334.0 Energy Permits 95 191.0 5 32.3 18 99.75 1 10.0 119 332.0 Provisional Approvals 75 98.0 2 20.0 8 45.0 72.0 94 235.0

FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR Off-grid / Rural Electrification Solar Home Systems About 30,000 systems Capacity Range: 20 – 60 W Village Hydro About 25 plants catering for 500 households About 30 villages catering for 500 households About 50 projects feeding to national grid Pico Hydro About 500 systems Electrification of Remote Islands Four Wind-Solar-Diesel Hybrid systems catering to 2000 households

ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT Energy Intensity and Industrial Competitiveness Ability to produce and export manufactured goods competitively Competitive Industrial Performance Index Japan Energy Intensity (ToE per US$ 1000 Manufacturing Value Added) Sri Lanka

ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT Activities of SLSEA Regulations Energy Services Awareness Financing Energy Manager / Energy Auditor Accreditation of Mandatory Energy Auditing / Consumption Data Reporting Energy Management System ISO50001 Sector specific energy efficiency programmes (Hotel, Tea, Water Pumping, Gov. Sector Buildings, …) Provide sophisticated instruments for energy auditing Project formulation and implementation through ESCOs Conduct Training and Awareness Programmes Implementing National Energy Award Sustainable Guarantee Facility Industry Energy Efficient Building Code Commercial Fuel economy standards Transport Energy Labeling of Appliances Introduction of Energy subject to School curricula General Public 35

ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT National Energy Management Plan (EnMAP) Developed for the 5-year period from 2012 to 2016. It shall serve as a guide to embark on an integrated and cohesive programme of work with a long term perspective to realize better energy efficiency in all sectors. Cost: Around LKR 1.2 billion; Benefits: LKR 135 billion in 5 yrs Main Activities: Conducting awareness & training programmes and promoting services Secure funds Establishment of Energy Management Cells Providing Advisory & Counseling services Promoting ISO 50001 Introducing Standards & Regulations Carrying out Research & Development Establishment of Pilot Projects Introducing Market Based Instruments Rewarding of achievements

ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT Other National Programmes ISO 50001 Certification – Technical assistance and certification jointly with SLSI. Energy productivity improvement in small and medium institutions – National Productivity Secretariat Regional Operations (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency – RE3 Zones) – With Provincial / Local governments Energy efficiency improvement in hospitals – With Ministry of Health Energy efficiency improvement in tea sector – With Tea Research Institute Energy efficiency improvement in Hotel sector – With Ceylon Chamber of Commerce (CCC) Formulation of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) for energy sector – both renewable energy and energy efficiency

ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT Annual Saving Potential - GWh Energy Saving Target for 2020 Technology/Process-wise (Total Saving ~ 2,000 GWh) Technology / Process Annual Saving Potential - GWh Energy Labeling Program Ceiling Fans 35 Tubular Fluorescent Lamps 65 Ballasts 80 Refrigerators 16 Efficient lighting 173 Air Conditioning 250 ISO 50001 375 Efficient motors 185 Building Management System (BMS) 20 Efficient office equipments Solar water heaters 5 Telecomunication 10 Efficient air compressors 11 Eliminating Incandescent Lamps 205 Green Buildings 550 Total 1,990

ENERGY LABELING OF APPLIANCES CFL Energy Performance Star Rating: Mandatory programme in full implementation More than 80% penetration in households Annual demand: CFL – 20 million, Incandescent - 10 million Ceiling Fans Energy Performances: Star Ratings about to implement

ENERGY LABELING OF APPLIANCES Electric Motors Star Rating based on three Energy Efficiency Classes : Final stage of implementation Magnetic Ballast Star Rating - Already developed, will be implemented within 2013 Other Appliances in consideration Refrigerators Air conditioners Efficiency classes – (IE1,IE2,IE3) Rated Energy consumption per hour –(kWh)

ENERGY EFFICIENCT BUILDING CODES A code of practice established to improve energy performance of buildings Implemented in 2008 for commercial buildings Now under revision for further improvements Energy Efficiency Building Guideline for domestic buildings is under development .

ENERGY MANAGER / ENERGY AUDITOR ACCREDITATION OF ENERGY MANAGER / ENERGY AUDITOR Implemented with the objective of improving energy efficiency and conservation in industrial & commercial organizations. Target Group: Any institution whose Annual Electricity Consumption > 600,000 kWh or Annual Thermal Energy Consumption > 4500 TOE The Energy Manager Accreditation Programme has been implemented and about 180 Energy Managers have been appointed Over 90 have been trained for Energy Auditor Accreditation

KEY CHALLENGES Technological Developments Lack of expertise / Local capacity Information Management / gaps Lack of coordination Absence of case studies on success stories and demonstration projects Constraints in national grid in absorbing RE based electricity Variable / Non-dispatchable generations Limited options for demand side electrical load management to flatten the load curve Geographical mismatch of supply and demand Non-consideration of integrating to non-electrical energy loads (thermal / mechanical)

KEY CHALLENGES Higher costs of NRE Limited market potentials Limited local value addition Lack of R&D Lack of conducive environment for local manufacture Lack of funding / financial schemes for project implementation Transport sector is not properly addressed

STRENGTHS Provisions in the SLSEA Act for both RE and EM interventions Inherently low energy intensive economy RE and EM targets for 2020 under national action plan of the Government 100% electrification target of the Government Pioneering experience in mini-hydro development Diverse RE resource – technology – application options Climatic conditions conducive for solar, biomass, hydro and wind

POSSIBILITIES FOR TT and R&D Railway Electrification / Electric Vehicles Demand Response through Smart Grid / Intelligent Control Hydrogen as an Energy Storage Option Pump Storage / Thermal Storage / Battery Storage Emerging REs (Geothermal, Ocean Thermal, etc.)

SUMMING UP Special Thanks for NEDO for Sharing Experiences, Future Collaboration of Key Stakeholders for Sustainable Energy Journey of Sri Lanka.