I CAN: Explain the changes that occur to the adolescent Describe the cognitive fallacies and apply them to yourself Explain James Marcia’s Identity Statuses. Be able to apply to examples

The Transitions of Adolescence Developmental period beginning at puberty and ending at adulthood Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 40

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Rites of Passage Social rituals that mark the transition between developmental stages, especially between childhood and adulthood Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Rites of Passage Beginning high school First kiss First serious relationship Turning 16 Getting a driver’s license Turning 18 Graduating high school Turning 21 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Physical Maturation in Adolescence Puberty Onset of sexual maturity Around puberty, boys and girls become more aware of their physical attractiveness Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 41

Gender/Sex Male Female Early Time of Maturation Late vs. Late Maturation Gender/Sex Male Female Judged Socially Competent More Capable Athlete Social Recognition (Peers/Adults) Overestimation of His Competencies Granted “Older” Privileges/Response Parents Hold Higher Aspirations Enjoys Positive Self-Fulfilling Prophecy The Only One in Grade Developed No Status in Being Large/Muscled Boys Yet to Appreciate Development Subject to Teasing and Ridicule Associated w/ Low Self-Esteem/Dep. Become Popular w/ Boys (LA) Socialize w/ Older Companions (Boys) Steered Toward “Older” Risk Behaviors Early Time of Maturation Treated as “Younger” Child by Adults “Younger” Treatment = Negative SFP Childish Dependence/Immaturity The “Last-Of-All-To-Mature” Low Social Status (Sports/Social) More Anxious/Less Sure of Self Scores Lower on Achieve. Tests (EA) “Some” Anxiety Waiting to Mature Not Nearly as Disadvantagous As Late Boys Outperform Other Students Matures at Closer Time w/ Boys Late

Cognitive Development in Adolescence Teens enter Piaget’s final stage of growth…Formal Operational Stage (abstract and complex thought) Hormones rise to high levels The frontal lobes undergo a “remodel” (pruning) This leads to sensation seeking and risk taking, and preoccupation with body image and sex Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 41

Cognitive Changes Egocentric version of formal operations stage 2 fallacies of teen cognition Imaginary audience: delusion that one is constantly being observed by others Personal fable: delusion that one is unique, unrealistically important and invulnerable

James Marcia Modeled work after Erikson Said teen achieves neither identity or role confusion, but various degrees of exploring and committing to an identity 2 elements necessary to form identity Crisis: a time of upheaval where old values or choices are being reexamined Commitment: dedication to role or value

Marcia’s 4 Identity Statuses Identity Diffusion –no sense of having choices; he or she has not yet made (nor is attempting/willing to make) a commitment Identity Foreclosure –willing to commit to some relevant roles, values, or goals for the future. NO identity crisis. conform to the expectations of others regarding their future Identity Moratorium – IN crisis, exploring choices, but has not made a commitment to these choices Identity Achievement/Formation - Completed identity crisis and has committed to identity/value

Crisis Yes No Identity Formation Identity Foreclosure Yes Committment Marcia’s Modes of Identity Formation Crisis Yes No Identity Formation Identity Foreclosure Yes Committment Identity Moratorium Identity Diffusion No

CAN I? Explain the changes that occur to the adolescent Describe the cognitive fallacies and apply them to yourself Explain James Marcia’s Identity Statuses. Be able to apply to examples