1. Section 2: Personal Development
Chapter 4: Adolescence
Section 2: Personal Development

2. A. Introduction 1. Sense of identity and self-esteem important
2. Involves changes in reasoning
3. Changes in moral thinking
4. Adjustments in personality
5. Adjustments in sexual behavior

3. B. Cognitive Development
1. Piaget’s formal operations thinking begins
a. Can comprehend hypotheticals
What is life like on another planet?
b. Can understand abstract principles
Analogies
Metaphors
c. Overpowering emotional feeling dealt with through rationalization-what is it?

4. a. Finding fault with authority figures b. Argumentativeness
2. Dr. David Elkind--Problems as a result of immaturity and abstract thought processes:
a. Finding fault with authority figures
b. Argumentativeness
c. Indecisiveness
d. Apparent hypocrisy
e. Self-consciousness
f. Invulnerability

5. C. Moral Development Adolescents go through important moral changes
Kohlberg—Stages 4-5—maybe even 6
Moral laws more important than written laws
Little changes during high school—more during college

6. D. Identity—Erickson’s Identity Crisis
1. Unique to adolescence
2. Period of inner conflict and intense worry about who you are
3.Factors contributing to onset
a. Physiological changes
b. Cognitive development
c. Sexual awakening

7. 4. Identity formation vs. identity confusion
Adolescents need to organize their needs, abilities, talents, interests, background, culture, peer demands
Identity formed when issues can be resolved – occupation, values, sexual identity
Role confusion is normal
Hour 2 ended at start of this slide

8. E. James Marcia’s View 1. 4 attempts to achieve a sense of identity
A. identity moratorium
Considering the issues; have not made commitment on any important decisions
B. identity foreclosure
Made a firm commitment to decisions made by others
C. identity confused or diffused
No decisions, no identity
D. identity achievement
Considered many identities, have freely committed

9. Note:
Not all psychologists agree
Erikson studied troubled teens

10. F. Other Theories
A. Peterson—crisis not normal; due to external circumstances
B. Bandura– social learning view—human development one continuous process; interactions with others help to form identities
C. Mead—development is continuous; no crisis, no sudden change

11. G. Conclusion Erikson did not include a social factor
All theories must be included to explore personality development