1. The transition period from childhood to adulthood.
Adolescence
The transition period from childhood to adulthood.

2. Is adolescence getting longer or shorter?

3. Physical Development
It all begins with puberty
Puberty: the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

5. Primary Sexual Characteristics
The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible
Female: ovaries (what hormones?) – estrogen, progesterone
Male: Testicles (what hormone?) - testosterone

6. Secondary Sexual Characteristics
Nonreproductive sexual characteristics
Female breasts, curved body shape…widening hips
Deepening of male voice, body hair

7. When does puberty start? The Landmarks
First ejaculation for boys
Menarche (meh NAR key) for girls
Do we remember these things?

8. Sequence is way more predictable than the timing.
Puberty
Sequence is way more predictable than the timing.
How might timing differences effect an adolescent socially?
Boys? Girls?
Early bloomers?
Late bloomers?

9. Frontal Lobe development and impulse control
Myelin growth accelerates
Frontal lobe maturation lags the emotional limbic system (hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala)
Pubertal hormonal surge and limbic system development helps to explain teen’s occasional impulsiveness, risky behaviors, emotional storms
Frontal lobes matures by age 25—improved judgment, impulse control and the ability to plan for the long term
Are teens responsible for their behavior then? What has the US Supreme Court said about juvenile capital cases?

10. Cognitive Development
Have the ability to reason but…….
The reasoning is self-focused. Assume that their experiences are unique.
Experience formal operational thought

11. Lawrence Kohlberg and his stages of Morality
Preconventional Morality
Conventional Morality
Postconventional Morality

12. Preconventional Morality
Morality of self- interest
Their actions are either to avoid punishment or to gain rewards.
Before age 9

13. Conventional Morality
Morality is based upon obeying laws to
Maintain social order
To gain social approval
Early adolescence

14. Postconventional Morality
Morality based on your own ethical principles.

15. Kohlberg’s Moral Ladder
Morality of abstract
principles: to affirm
agreed-upon rights and
personal ethical principles
As moral development progresses, the focus of concern moves from the self to the wider social world.
Postconventional
level
Conventional
level
Morality of law and
social rules: to gain
approval or avoid
disapproval
Preconventional
level
Morality of self-interest:
to avoid punishment
or gain concrete rewards

16. Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Criticisms
Great deal of overlap
Gender bias (girls are taught empathy, while boys are taught justice)
Cognitive abilities influence moral development
See other people’s point of view
Understanding vs. action
Culture bound—biased against communal societies such as China and India

17. Talk is Cheap How do we turn morality into action?
Teach Empathy
Self-discipline to delay gratification
Model moral behavior

18. Its all about forming an identity!!!
Social Development
Its all about forming an identity!!!

19. Identity One’s sense of self.
The idea that an adolescent’s job is to find oneself by testing various roles.
Comes from Erik Erikson’s stages of Psychosocial development.

20. Identity
Some teenagers take their identity early by sharing their parents values and expectations.
Some teenagers will adopt a negative identity- opposition to society, but conforms to a peer group.

21. Intimacy
Towards the end of adolescence, intimacy becomes the prime goal.
Can you list the intimacy differences between men and women?

22. Trust vs. Mistrust Age Important Event Description Birth - 18 months
Feeding
Infants form a loving, trusting relationship with parents; they also learn to mistrust others.

23. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Age
Important Event
Description
18 months - 3 Years
Toilet Training
Child's energies are directed toward physical skills: walking, grasping, and toilet training. The child learns control along with a healthy dose of shame and doubt.

24. Initiative vs. Guilt Age Important Event Description 3 - 5 Years
Independence
Child becomes more assertive, takes more initiative, becomes more forceful.

25. Competence vs. Inferiority
Age
Important Event
Description
Years
School
The child must deal with demands to learn new skills while risking a sense of inferiority and failure

26. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Age
Important Event
Description
Adolescence (teens to early 20s)
Peers
Teens must achieve self-identity while deciphering their roles in occupation, politics, and religion.

28. Intimacy vs. Isolation Age Important Event Description
Young Adult (20s –early 40s)
Relationships
The young adult must develop marriage-seeking relationships while combating feelings of isolation.

29. Generativity vs. Stagnation
Age
Important Event
Description
Middle Adult (40s-60s)
Parenting
Assuming the role of parents signifies the need to continue the generations while avoiding the inevitable feeling of failure.

30. Integrity vs. Despair Age Important Event Description
Late Adult (late 60s and up)
Life Reflection
Acceptance of one's lifetime accomplishments and sense of fulfillment.

31. Gender Development
Biology (neuroscience) perspective: Corpus Callosum larger in woman.
Psychodynamic perspective: Competition for opposite sex parent.
Social-Cognitive Perspective : Gender Schema Theory
Behavioral Perspective: Social Learning Theory