ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Organic Compounds Carbohydrates These compounds get their name “organic” because they are found in organisms (living things) Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) What are the 4 types of organic compounds? What are all 4 made up of? **IT MUST HAVE CARBON TO BE ORGANIC

Structure, Energy, Sugar CARBOHYDRATES INFO Structure: C:H:O = 1:2:1 glucose Function: Structure, Energy, Sugar Carbs are broken down into simple sugars by our digestive system!

LIPIDS INFO Structure: Glycerol + Fatty acid chain Function: Energy Storage, Cell Membrane, Insulation *Stores the MOST ENERGY Lipids= Fats H H-C----O glycerol O C-CH2--CH2--CH3 = O C-CH2--CH2-CH3 = O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH =CH-CH2-CH3 =

NUCLEIC ACID INFO Structure: Made up of nucleotides: phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous bases Function: Stores genetic information

PROTEIN INFO Structure: Contains C, H, O, N Made up of amino acids Function: Structure, Chemical Reactions, Antibodies Enzyme= can speed up the rate of a reaction Example of a protein

REVIEW 1. Q: What are the 4 types of organic compounds? A: Proteins, lipids (fats), carbohydrates, Nucleic acids 2. Q: Which organic molecule stores the most energy? A: Lipids (Fats) 3. Q: Which organic compound stores our genetic information? A: Nucleic acids

Acids and Bases

Acids An acid is a substance that: Tastes sour (dangerous) Oily feeling (dangerous) Reacts with metals Corrosive All contain Hydrogen Any compound beginning with H is acid except water (H2O) and peroxide (H2O2)

Acids Caution: Common Acids Wash with water if it gets on you Never smell Don’t taste!! Common Acids Lactic Acid = Buttermilk Acetic Acid = Vinegar Citric Acid = Oranges Carbonic Acid = Cokes (carbonated water)

Bases A base is a substance that: Tastes bitter (dangerous) Slippery feeling (dangerous) Dissolves fats, oils, wool, & hair (lye) Neutralizes acids to form salt and water. All have Hydroxides (OH)

Bases Common Bases NH4OH = Ammonia NaOH = Lye Mg(OH)2 = Milk of Magnesia, Rolaids, Tums NaHCO3 = Sodium Bicarbonate: Baking Soda

pH Scale The pH scale is a range of values from 0-14 that tells the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution. 0 = Most Acidic 7 = Neutral 14 = Most Basic

How do we know the pH of a substance? pH Strips: turn various colors based on acid or base it touches- we used these in yesterday’s lab