Reconstruction

Problems Facing Post Civil War America A. Political re-entry of formerly rebellious states B. Economic devastation of the South C. Education and support of freedmen

Lincoln Plan 1. amnesty – to a state if it took loyalty oath 2. readmission - if 10% took oath & agreed to emancipation No Confederate voters, officeholders * Recon to be under President not Congress Lincoln shot April 14th at 7:55 pm and died on April 15th

Johnson Plan Declare its succession illegal Swear oath of allegiance to the Union Promise not to pay Confederate war debts Ratify 13th amendment

Radical Plan Wade Davis Bill Motives of the Radicals 1) Punishment of the South 2) Retain Republican power 3) Aid the freed slaves South divided into five military districts   Radical governments formed in Southern states composed of blacks, northern carpetbaggers, and Southern scalawags  

Black Codes Own property Serve on juries Legally marry Laws designed to regulate the lives of freed slaves both economically and socially Ex-slaves had to Obey curfews, and obtain permits to travel along with the following do’s and don’ts Own property Legally marry File lawsuits Go to school Serve on juries Testify against whites Marry whites

Grandfather Clause The Grandfather clause was a voting loophole that whites in power allowed. Blacks were kept from voting by poll taxes and literacy tests (violation of civil rights) Whites that were also illiterate were allowed to vote, because their grandfather was literate. ( he may or may not have been)

Freedmen's Bureau Collected and distributed clothes and food to needy blacks and whites after all, the Civil War effected both blacks and whites alike. Set up hospitals Set up primary schools Established teacher training centers

Jim Crow Laws In the United States, the so-called Jim Crow laws were made to enforce racial segregation, and included laws that would prevent African Americans from doing things that a white person could do. For instance, Jim Crow laws regulated separate use of water fountains, public bath houses, and separate seating sections on public transport.

13th amendment 1865 Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

14th amendment 1866 The amendment was designed to grant citizenship to and protect the civil liberties of recently freed slaves. Depriving any person of his life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or denying to any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws is unconstitutional

15th amendment 1870 The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Ku Klux Klan The Klan's first incarnation was in 1866. Founded by veterans of the Confederate Army, its main purpose was to resists Congressional Reconstruction, and it focused as much on intimidating "carpetbaggers" and "scalawags" as on putting down the freed slaves. It quickly adopted violent methods, and was involved in a wave of 1,300 murders of Republican voters in 1868.

K K K Created by Confederate officer Nathaniel Bedford Forrest in Tennessee

Johnson Impeached On February 24, 1868, the House of Representatives voted to impeach President Johnson. Congress wanted Johnson impeached because he refused to cooperate or compromise over black rights and the reconstruction of Southern state governments. And for his wrongful dismissal of the secretary of war

Johnson is acquitted Johnson narrowly escaped being convicted and sent to prison by one vote Johnson’s jury was the Senate

U.S. Grant elected 1868 Civil War hero U.S. Grant was elected Soon thereafter the 15th amendment was passed Grant had one of the most corrupt organizations

End of Reconstruction Reconstruction officially ended as all federal troops were withdrawn from the South. White rule was restored, and black people were over time deprived of many civil and political rights and their economic position remained depressed.

Rutherford B Hayes With Hayes elected president in 1876 the last southern states of Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana were re-admitted to the United States. Troops were withdrawn, and reconstruction ended in 1877