Acids and Bases

Properties of Acids and Bases Tart or sour taste (think of lemons) DO NOT TASTE CHEMICALS! Corrosive to metals React with bases to form a salt and water On the pH scale: acids have a pH less than 7 BASES Bitter taste (think of baking soda) DO NOT TASTE CHEMICALS! Corrosive to organic materials React with acids to form a salt and water On the pH scale: bases have a pH greater than 7 Feel slippery

Acids Definition: Break apart (dissociate) to yield hydrogen ions (H+) in water (aqueous) solutions (Arrhenius definition) HCl H+ + Cl- HNO3 H+ + NO3- H2SO4 H+ + HSO4 - H2O H2O H2O

Naming Acids HCl H2SO3 HNO3 chloride hydro-(stem)-ic acid Anion Ending Anion Example Acid Name Example -ide -ite -ate chloride hydro-(stem)-ic acid hydrochloric acid HCl sulfite (stem)-ous acid sulfurous acid H2SO3 nitrate (stem)-ic acid nitric acid HNO3

Naming Acids Name the following acids: H2SO4 CH3COOH HF Anion Ending Acid Name -ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid -ite (stem)-ous acid -ate (stem)-ic acid

Bases Definition: Break apart (dissociate) to yield hydroxide ions (OH-) in water (aqueous) solutions (Arrhenius definition) NaOH Na+ + OH- KOH K+ + OH- H2O H2O

Naming Bases Cation name + hydroxide NaOH sodium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide NH4OH ammonium hydroxide Cation name + hydroxide

Naming Bases Name the following bases: Ba(OH)2 KOH Al(OH)3 Cation name + hydroxide

More Naming Practice H3PO4 Nitrous acid Mg(OH)2 Hydrobromic acid Name the following acids/bases or write their formula: H3PO4 Nitrous acid Mg(OH)2 Hydrobromic acid Lithium hydroxide H2S Anion Ending Acid Name -ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid -ite (stem)-ous acid -ate (stem)-ic acid

Even More Naming Practice! Identify whether the following are acids or bases. Then name them! Ba(OH)2 2. H2S 3. CH3COOH 4. Fe(OH)2 5. HClO2 Anion Ending Acid Name -ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid -ite (stem)-ous acid -ate (stem)-ic acid