1. ACIDS AND BASES

2. Sour fruits like Lemon (Citric Acid) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
household acids
Vinegar (Acetic Acid)
Sour fruits like Lemon (Citric Acid)
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

3. Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous) Sour-Tasting
Properties of acids
Commonly contain H+
Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous)
Sour-Tasting
Corrosive
Conduct electricity
Turns litmus paper Red
pH < 7

4. Reactive Properties of acids
React with Metals to produce Hydrogen Gas
2HCl + Zn H2 + ZnCl2
Hydrochloric Acid + Zinc  Hydrogen Gas + Zinc Chloride
React with Carbonates and Hydrogen Carbonates
HCl + CaCO3  H2O + CO2 + CaCl2 Hydrochloric Acid + Calcium Carbonate  Water + Carbon Dioxide + Calcium Chloride

5. Antacid (Aluminum Hydroxide) Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)
household bases
Antacid (Aluminum Hydroxide)
Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)
Drain Cleaner (Sodium Hydroxide)

6. Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous) Bitter-Tasting
Properties of bases
Commonly contain OH-
Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous)
Bitter-Tasting
Feels Slippery
Corrosive
Conductive
React with Protein (eg. those in your skin and eyes)
Turns litmus paper Blue
pH > 7
*Another word for BASIC is ALKALINE

7. Why you should wear goggles

8. Electrical conductivity
Acids and bases both conduct electricity, since they dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. Ex. Sodium Hydroxide: NaOH → Na+ + OH− Sulphuric Acid: H2SO4 → 2H+ + SO42−

9. Naming acids and bases
When the chemical formula of an acid starts with H and has only one other non-metallic element, it is named by adding the prefix "hydro" and the suffix "ic" and the word "acid".
HCl HYDROCHLORIC ACID
HF HYDROFLUORIC ACID

10. Naming acids and bases
Acids that contain a polyatomic ion and an oxygen atom (oxyacids) can be named as follows: a) If the polyatomic ion ends in "ate" add the suffix "ic" and the word acid. b) If the polyatomic ion ends in "ite" add the suffix "ous" and the word acid.

11. SO42- is Sulfate, so H2SO4 SULPHURIC ACID
Naming acids and bases
SO42- is Sulfate, so H2SO4 SULPHURIC ACID
SO32- is Sulfite, H2SO3 SULPHUROUS ACID

12. NH4OH AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Naming acids and bases
The name of a base can be determined from the name of the positively charged metallic ion or polyatomic ion at the beginning and then adding the word "hydroxide".
NaOH SODIUM HYDROXIDE
NH4OH AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

13. Naming acids and bases
Some bases are more difficult to recognize. Substances that contain BICARBONATE or HYDROGEN CARBONATE, HCO3- are bases because they react with water to form hydroxide ions Ex: NaHCO3 SODIUM BICARBONATE