1. Acids and Bases

2. HCl
H2SO4
HNO3
HCH3COO
NaOH
Ba(OH)2
KOH
Ma(OH)2

3. Acids are ionic compounds that start with hydrogen (H+)
HCl (hydrochloric acid)
H2SO4 (sulphuric acid)
Bases are ionic compounds that end with hydroxide (OH-)
NaOH (sodium hydroxide)
KOH (potassium hydroxide)

4. Common Acids and Bases
Common Acids
Common Bases

5. pH Scale
You can find out if a compound is an acid or a base by measuring its pH.
pH stands for “power of hydrogen” and refers to how much H+ ions is present in a given solution.
The more H+, the more acidic it is
The less H+, the less basic it is
pH scale is a numeric scale (0-14) that tells you how acidic or basic a solution is.

6. pH Scale

7. Acid-Base Indicators
There are several methods to test the pH of a solution.
An acid-base indicator is a substance that changes colour in presence of an acid or a base.
Acid Base
(or neutral)
universal indicator paper
litmus paper
phenolphthalein

8. cabbage juice indicator
Acid Neutral Base
bromothymol blue indicator

9. Properties of Acids and Bases
pH < 7
Tastes sour
Corrosive
Turn blue litmus paper red
Electrolytes (conduct electricity)
HCl (aq)  H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
Corrode metals
React with metals to produce a compound and H2 (g).
Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq)  MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
React with carbonates to produce CO2.
2HCl (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq)  2NaCl (aq) + CO2 (aq) + H2O (l)
pH > 7
Tastes bitter
Corrosive
Slippery feel (eg. Soap)
Turn red litmus paper blue
Electrolytes (conduct electricity)
NaOH (aq)  Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
Do not corrode metals
Do not react with metals

10. 6. Neutralization Key Points:
Special type of double displacement reaction between an ACID and a BASE to produce an IONIC SALT and WATER.
If you spill a base, you can neutralize it with an acid and vice versa.

11. Naming & Writing Formulas
Acids
Write prefix hydro (if you have an element as a metal) and the element name but include the suffix ic
If it is a polyatomic ion that follows the H, simply write the polyatomic name but include the suffix ic.
Follow up with acid afterwards
Eg. HF & H3PO4
Bases
Write the element name of the metal or name of polyatomic ion
Follow up with hydroxide afterwards
Eg. Ca(OH)2 & NH4OH