1. Chapter 8 Acids and Bases
8.1
Acids and Bases
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. Acids Arrhenius acids produce H+ ions in water. H2O
HCl(g) H+(aq) + Cl- (aq)
are electrolytes.
have a sour taste.
turn litmus red.
neutralize bases.

3. Names of Acids
Acids with H and a nonmetal are named with the prefix hydro and end with ic acid.
HCl hydrochloric acid
Acids with H and a polyatomic ion are named by changing the end of the name of the polyatomic ion from ate to ic acid or ite to ous acid.
ClO3− chlorate HClO3 chloric acid
ClO2− chlorite HClO2 chlorous acid

4. Names of Some Common Acids

5. Learning Check
Select the correct name for each of the following acids.
A. HBr bromic acid
2. bromous acid
3. hydrobromic acid
B. H2CO carbonic acid
2. hydrocarbonic acid
3. carbonous acid
C. HBrO2 1. bromic acid
2. hydrobromous acid
3. bromous acid

6. Solution
A. HBr 3. hydrobromic acid
The name of an acid with H and one nonmetal uses the prefix hydro and ends with ic acid.
B. H2CO3 1. carbonic acid
An acid with H and a polyatomic ion is named by changing the end of an ate ion to ic acid.
C. HBrO2 3. bromous acid
This acid of bromite (BrO2-) is bromous acid.

7. Bases Arrhenius bases produce OH− ions in water.
taste bitter or chalky.
are electrolytes.
feel soapy and slippery.
neutralize acids.

8. Some Common Bases
Bases with OH- ions are named as the hydroxide of the metal in the formula.
NaOH sodium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide
Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide
Fe(OH)3 iron(III) hydroxide

9. Learning Check A. ___HNO2 1) iodic acid B. ___Ca(OH)2 2) sulfuric acid
Match the formulas with the names.
A. ___HNO2 1) iodic acid
B. ___Ca(OH)2 2) sulfuric acid
C. ___H2SO4 3) sodium hydroxide
D. ___HIO3 4) nitrous acid
E. ___NaOH 5) calcium hydroxide

10. Solution A. 4 HNO2 nitrous acid B. 5 Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide
Match the formulas with the names.
A. 4 HNO2 nitrous acid
B. 5 Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide
C. 2 H2SO4 sulfuric acid
D. 1 HIO3 iodic acid
E. 3 NaOH sodium hydroxide

11. Comparing Acids and Bases

12. Learning Check Identify each as a characteristic of an
A) acid or B) base.
____1. has a sour taste
____2. produces OH- in aqueous solutions
____3. has a chalky taste
____4. is an electrolyte
____5. produces H+ in aqueous solutions

13. Solution A) acid or B) base. A 1. has a sour taste
Identify each as a characteristic of an
A) acid or B) base.
A has a sour taste
B produces OH- in aqueous solutions
B has a chalky taste
A, B is an electrolyte
A produces H+ in aqueous solutions