Global Partnership on Food and Agriculture: an answer to the food crisis Gilles SAINT-MARTIN, Cirad, Ecart, French Interministerial Group on Food Security Maputo, November 2008, 30rd

Diagnosis of the situation The food crisis, a result of a growing mismatch between supply and demand The food crisis, a result of a growing mismatch between supply and demand What factors contributed most to this mismatch? What factors contributed most to this mismatch? Low agricultural productivity vs high demand ? Low agricultural productivity vs high demand ? Market failures? No more reserves vs speculation Market failures? No more reserves vs speculation Biofuel production? Biofuel production? Food crisis as a revelatory of a social crisis Food crisis as a revelatory of a social crisis What actions/policies have been/would be the most efficient to reduce the impact of these factors on the food situation? What actions/policies have been/would be the most efficient to reduce the impact of these factors on the food situation?

High Profile commitment needed A need to ensure continued high level policy attention to global food security. A need to ensure continued high level policy attention to global food security. Reversing the long term decline in attention to agriculture and food security in developing countries Reversing the long term decline in attention to agriculture and food security in developing countries Better knowledge on the causes increasing the risk of food crisis Better knowledge on the causes increasing the risk of food crisis Better coordination between stakeholders at country, regional international levels. Better coordination between stakeholders at country, regional and international levels.

Milestones April: UN High-Level Task Force on Global Food Crisis April: UN High-Level Task Force on Global Food Crisis June: Rome High Level Conference convened by FAO June: Rome High Level Conference convened by FAO European Council European Council July: African Union Summit – Sharm El-Sheik declaration July: African Union Summit – Sharm El-Sheik declaration Comprehensive framework for action UN HL TF Comprehensive framework for action UN HL TF G8 Summit Statement - Hokkaido G8 Summit Statement - Hokkaido September: UN General Assembly September: UN General Assembly November: G8 Expert Group – Tokyo November: G8 Expert Group – Tokyo 1 B Facility approved by European Council 1 B Facility approved by European Council December: AU Ministers of Agriculture meeting - Libya December: AU Ministers of Agriculture meeting - Libya

Content of GPAF Three pillars/components/dimensions : An international High Profile Policy Group on food security and agriculture An international platform/panel of experts on the global food security 3. agriculture in developping countries. 3. A re-mobilisation of the international financial community for safety nets, food security and agriculture in developping countries.

1. An international policy group Mission: Mission: ensure high level policy attention ensure high level policy attention Guiding principles Guiding principles Provide a global framework for all stakeholders Provide a global framework for all stakeholders Built on existing UN TF and other International institutions Built on existing UN TF and other International institutions Pursue coherence among international, regional, national programmes and policies Pursue coherence among international, regional, national programmes and policies Produce recommendations for actions Produce recommendations for actions Promote evidence-based policy making and country-led strategies Promote evidence-based policy making and country-led strategies

2. An international platform of experts (1/4) The need for an independent diagnosis of a complex situation Mission : to provide an independent evidence- based assessment of prospects, gaps, controversial issues and options, pros and cons of innovative proposals … Mission : to provide an independent evidence- based assessment of prospects, gaps, controversial issues and options, pros and cons of innovative proposals …

2. An international platform of experts (3/4) Four functions: The analysis of the determinant factors on food insecurity The analysis of the determinant factors on food insecurity The feasibility of different tools and measures The feasibility of different tools and measures The identification and the awareness on the risks of food crisis The identification and the awareness on the risks of food crisis Synthesis for wide communication Synthesis for wide communication

2. An international platform of experts (3/4) Basic principles: Experts from all parts of the World Experts from all parts of the World Multidisciplinary (agronomy, economy, nutrition, social science, etc.) Multidisciplinary (agronomy, economy, nutrition, social science, etc.) Multi sectorial (agriculture, health, employment, trade, environment, etc.) Multi sectorial (agriculture, health, employment, trade, environment, etc.) Association of Scientific and Professional expertise Association of Scientific and Professional expertise Independant from decision makers and users Independant from decision makers and users Transparent Transparent

2. An international platform of experts (4/4) Issues that could be addressed by the network: How to feed the word ? Mid term (2050) perspective scenarios… How to feed the word ? Mid term (2050) perspective scenarios… Food market volatility and grain reserves at National, Regional and global level… Food market volatility and grain reserves at National, Regional and global level… Arable Land markets and Foreign Direct Investment in agriculture… Arable Land markets and Foreign Direct Investment in agriculture… Food and non food crops competition / complementarities.. Food and non food crops competition / complementarities..

3. Reinvest in food security in developing countries (1/2) First - Country/Region Led Development commitment: Agriculture is prioritised within national/regional development plans and poverty reduction strategies; Agriculture is prioritised within national/regional development plans and poverty reduction strategies; Attention to policy and institutional reform, with strong farmers and private sector involvement, encouraging investment (both national and international); Attention to policy and institutional reform, with strong farmers and private sector involvement, encouraging investment (both national and international); Clear country and region based coordination mechanism among national and international partners for measuring results and for mutual accountability. Clear country and region based coordination mechanism among national and international partners for measuring results and for mutual accountability.

3. Reinvest in food security in developing countries (2/2) Second - Overcome the 4% financial limit. Increased national/regional financial commitment up to 10% (the Maputo Commitment of AU/NEPAD/CAAP) Increased national/regional financial commitment up to 10% (the Maputo Commitment of AU/NEPAD/CAAP) Sustained re-engagement of the International Aid Community up to 4% ODA Sustained re-engagement of the International Aid Community up to 4% ODA ex: EU Facility = 450 M in 2009, 350 M in 2010, 200 M in 2011 ex: EU Facility = 450 M in 2009, 350 M in 2010, 200 M in 2011 Facilitate Private investment in agriculture (including global savings represented by the sovereign funds) where /when profitable. Facilitate Private investment in agriculture (including global savings represented by the sovereign funds) where /when profitable. Forum organized in Paris on Dec. 8th Investing for agriculture in SSA Forum organized in Paris on Dec. 8th Investing for agriculture in SSA Report on investment and impact. Report on investment and impact.

Next steps … Next steps … Food security going down on the agenda (financial crisis, good harvest in some part of the world) but still there. Food security going down on the agenda (financial crisis, good harvest in some part of the world) but still there. Despite recent price evolution, crisis is not over in DC. Financial crisis could make it even worse Despite recent price evolution, crisis is not over in DC. Financial crisis could make it even worse Some key institutions reluctant to overarching arhitecture but growing consensus on a robust architecture of GPAF among key players. Some key institutions reluctant to overarching arhitecture but growing consensus on a robust architecture of GPAF among key players. Lauching GPAF in early 2009 by an International Conference Lauching GPAF in early 2009 by an International Conference

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