The Civil War

The Nation Divided

Union vs. Confederacy Union Advantages Disadvantages Industrial base Longer supply lines Population of 22 million Less agriculture Had control over US Navy Fighting in unfamiliar land Used to blockade south

Union vs. Confederacy Confederacy Advantages Disadvantages Know the land Population of 9 million Defending homeland Less industry Farmers make better soldiers than factory workers Less infrastructure

Who’s Who? Abraham Lincoln – 16th President of the United States First Republican President Believed in preserving the Union at all cost Jefferson Davis – 1st (and only) President of the Confederate States of America Senator from Mississippi

Who’s Who? Ulysses S. Grant – Commanding General of the Union Army Robert E. Lee – Commanding General of the Confederate Army William Tecumseh Sherman – Union General Criticized for his policies of “total war”

The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Lincoln drafts the Emancipation Proclamation Frees all slaves held in states that were in rebellion against the Union Made freeing slaves a key goal in the war Slaves were not given citizenship Did not outlaw slavery As the Union moved in to lands formerly held by the Confederacy slaves were freed Many joined the Union army to fight against the Confederacy

Gettysburg In July of 1863 Lee realized that the South was losing and needed to make a final push in order to turn the war in Confederate favor. Lee attacks the North Video Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere. Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days

Gettysburg Lee was defeated and retreated to Virginia Lee even offered his resignation to Jefferson Davis, but it was refused. The battle was a crushing defeat for the Confederacy The South’s hopes for legitimate recognition of the Confederacy were gone. The Battle of Gettysburg (combined with Grant’s victory at Vicksburg) turned the tide of the Civil War in the Union’s favor.

The Gettysburg Address To commemorate the national cemetery at Gettysburg Lincoln drafted “a few remarks” The politician, Edward Everrett, who was before Lincoln spoke for 2 hours Lincoln’s address was 10 sentences The Gettysburg Address is seen as one of the greatest examples of oration in the English language.

Lee Surrenders On April 3, 1865 Grant takes Richmond, VA The Capital of the Confederate States of America Robert E. Lee surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse