Unit Enduring Understandings 1. The motives of competition and profit often prompt people and groups to expand into new areas of opportunity. 2. Changes in technology and exchange during the 18th and 19th centuries led to the social and economic changes around the world that are still relevant today. 3. Technology, transportation and communication enabled European nations to become the dominant world powers in the 19th century. 4. Centers of global economic and political power shift over time. 5. Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems. Europe Takes Africa Agenda – Why could the Berlin Conference be the most important event to affect Africa? Complete p 20 Imperialists Divide Africa– make sure to do B on the bottom. Watch the videos – answer – identify examples in the chart on p 20 Actively read both selections on p 21 – answer questions 1 and 2 on the bottom. Which causes of imperialism are identified in these selections? How does industrialization play a role in imperialism? Actively read p 22 – answer the following questions: Compare this map to #6 p 343 Map of Africa link in Unit 3. How may Livingstone’s expeditions have impacted the Berlin Conference’s division of Africa? Which of Livingstone’s expeditions was the one during which Stanley sought him? Actively read both selections on p 23 – answer questions 1 and 2 on the bottom. Work on core assessment

European Imperialism in Africa How do the following video segments illustrate the issues on packet page 21 about the European imperialism of Africa? 4 minute overview of European colonization of african guns germs and steel berlin and congo

The Forces of Imperialism 3 motives behind European race for colonies Country prestige – wanted colonies as a sign of power and wealth Need for natural resources to further fuel industrialization Desire for more markets for manufactured goods Competition between Europeans for resources, prestige and markets Missionary zeal to Christianize and “civilize” the Africans Social Darwinism and racism Technological advantages Europe had over Africa Guns – the Maxim gun Steam power - boats and railroads Communication – telegraph and later radio Quinine – medicine to defeat malaria Internal factors making Africa vulnerable Many languages and cultures that inhibited unity Lack of technology to compete against Europe Historical competition and rivalries amongst tribes and nations that the Europeans could exploit

The Colonization of Africa Berlin conference outcomes Agreement amongst 14 powers about how to divide Africa – led by King Leopold II of Belgium who manipulated the conference to help him own the Congo An arbitrary division of Africa regardless of linguistic, ethnic, geographical or national factors Long-term consequence - Transformation of African life Three groups who clashed over South Africa Boers of Dutch decent British settlers and government Zulus – native Africans Outcomes of Boer War British gained control of South Africa – called the Union of South Africa – gaining a major ally in Africa Use of concentration camps to starve out the Boer soldiers was cruel and deadly Boers were defeated but some were allowed to return to their lands – but much of the land was unusable due to the scorched earth strategy – so many went to work in the mines.